The complete skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant calf from Cova del Rinoceront (Late Pleistocene, NE Iberian Peninsula): New insights into ontogenetic growth in Palaeoloxodon antiquus

The Latest Occurrence of Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Rhinocerotidae) in Europe: The Skeletons from the Cova del Rinoceront Site (Castelldefels, Barcelona)

“…The dorsal extension of the nasal septum and its general development are similar to those of S. hundsheimensis from Mosbach [29] (as D. etruscus brachycephalus) and Untermassfeld [38]. The position of the nasal notch is comparable to its usual position in S. hundsheimensis (posterior P4 to M1) [28][29][30], as observed, for instance, in the skulls from Mauer [40], Torrente Stirone [41] (as S. hemitoechus), and Frantoio [42], although this feature can vary. Similarly, the anterior border of the orbit is more similar to the position described in S. hundsheimensis (posterior level of the M2 [29,30,39]).…”

“…Both layers present a yellowishred colouration according to the MUNSELL ® soil colour chart (5 YR 5/8 for layer III and 5 YR 4/6 for VII). Several horizons (IIIa to IIIe) have been identified in layer III, four of which contain faunal remains: Haploidoceros mediterraneus [27] from the topmost sub-layer IIIa, a large number of specimens of Testudo hermanni from sub-layer IIIb, a complete skeleton of a Palaeoloxodon antiquus from sub-layer IIIc [28], and two rhinoceros individuals (# 8096 and # 8216) from the lowermost sub-layer IIIe [10].…”