The complete mitochondrial genome of Omei Treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis)

Abstract

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Rhacophorus omeimontis was obtained and described. The sequenced mitogenome is total 19,604 base pairs (bp) in length, which contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCG S ), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 2 control regions (D-loop). The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 32.5% for A, 30.5% for T, 23.3% for C, and 13.7% for G, and the percentage of GC content is 37.0%. The complete mitochondrial genome information of R. omeimontis will contribute to revealing the phylogenetic relationships among species of family Rhacophoridae. ARTICLE HISTORY

Complete Mitogenomes of Polypedates Tree Frogs Unveil Gene Rearrangement and Concerted Evolution within Rhacophoridae

“…Eight tRNA genes ( tRNA Pro , tRNA Gln , tRNA Ala , tRNA Asn , tRNA Cys , tRNA Tyr , tRNA Ser(UCN) , and tRNA Glu ), and one PCG ( ND6 ) were encoded on the light strand (L-strand), while the remaining 14 tRNAs and 11 PCGs were encoded on the heavy strand (H-strand) ( Figure 1 ; Table S3 ). This H&L-strand gene distribution is congruent with all seven previously published rhacophorid mitogenomes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 36 , 42 ]. Similar to the mitogenome of two other Polypedates frogs ( P. braueri and P. megacephalus ) [ 21 , 22 , 30 ], there was an NCR situated between gene tRNA Lys and ATP6 that is thought to be the original position of the absent ATP8 gene [ 22 , 30 ].…”

“…Protein genes were also re-identified using NCBI’s ORF Finder ( , accessed on 10 February 2021) to ensure the correct reading frame. Seven known mitogenome sequences of rhacophorids [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 30 , 36 , 42 ] were used to manually correct the gene boundaries by aligning the orthologous genes using MEGA-X ( accessed on 10 February 2021) [ 43 ]. The putative origins of replication on the light strand (O L ) sequences were identified using the MITOS web server, and then the O L sequences and the flanking sequences were uploaded to Mfold ( , accessed on 10 February 2021) [ 44 ] and Forna (force-directed RNA; , accessed on 10 February 2021) [ 45 ] to determine the secondary structures.…”

“…Overall, frog mitogenomes are fast-evolving. The mitochondrial genes of the Archaeobatrachia suborder retain the canonical vertebrate arrangement, whereas many neobatrachian frogs have been split into multiple novel derived orders with duplicated CR copies (e.g., Dicroglossidae [ 16 , 17 ], Mantellidae [ 18 , 19 ], and Rhacophoridae [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]). This duplication pattern seems to be phylogenetically conserved and is thought to result from either independent evolution [ 25 , 26 ] or concerted evolution [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Japanese forest green tree frog (Rhacophorus arboreus)

“…Moreover, the duplication of the D-loop and the gene arrangement of R. arboreus are the same as those of R. omeimontis (Fu et al. 2020 ) and R. schlegelii (Sano et al. 2005 ).…”

“…LC565708, shows high identity with those of Rhacophorus dennysi (KM035412, 84.5% identity), Rhacophorus omeimontis (MN427892, 88.7% identity), and Rhacophorus schlegelii (AB202078, 88.6% identity). Moreover, the duplication of the D-loop and the gene arrangement of R. arboreus are the same as those of R. omeimontis (Fu et al 2020) and R. schlegelii (Sano et al 2005). Despite the high sequence identity between R. arboreus and R. dennysi whole mitochondrial genome sequences, R. dennysi has only one D-loop (Huang et al 2016).…”