The complete mitochondrial genome of the subspecies,
            <i>Phrynocephalus erythrurus parva</i>
            (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae), a toad-headed lizard dwell at highest elevations of any reptile in the world

Zhu, Liufang; Liao, Pinghu; Tong, Haojie; Jin, Yuanting

doi:10.3109/19401736.2014.913151

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nucleotide composition analysis indicated that the three mitogenomes displayed a significant bias toward adenine (A)/thymine (T), with overall A + T content of 62.3% in P. helioscopus varius I, 62.4% in P. helioscopus varius II, and 62.3% in P. helioscopus cameranoi ( Table S4 ). This base pattern is congruent with most previously reported mitogenomes in Phrynocephalus [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The PCGs, rRNAs, and tRNAs were also A/T-biased in nucleotide composition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Two Subspecies of the Sunwatcher Toad-Headed Agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus): Prevalent Intraspecific Gene Rearrangements in Phrynocephalus

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Genes

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Intraspecific rearrangements of mitochondrial genomes are rarely reported in reptiles, even in vertebrates. The sunwatcher toad-headed agama, Phryncoephalus helioscopus, can serve as an excellent model for investigating the dynamic mitogenome structure at intraspecific level. To date, seven subspecies of P. helioscopus are well recognized, but little is known about the mitogenomic evolution among different subspecies. In this study, complete mitogenomes of subspecies P. helioscopus varius II and P. helioscopus cameranoi were determined by next-generation sequencing, and another P. helioscopus varius I retrieved from GenBank was compiled for comparative analysis. The nucleotide composition and the codon usage are similar to those previously published from toad-headed agamas. P. helioscopus varius II and P. helioscopus cameranoi have 23 tRNA genes, including standard 22 tRNA genes and one extra tRNA-Phe (tRNA-Phe duplication). Gene order and phylogenetic analyses in the genus Phrynocephalus support prevalent intraspecific gene rearrangement in P. helioscopus and other congener species including P. erythrurus, P. vlangalii, and P. forsythii. Six different mitochondrial gene arrangements are observed in Phrynocephalus. Overall, the occurrence of rearrangements may result from multiple independent structural dynamic events. The split of the two subspecies in P. helioscopus was dated at approximately 2.34 million years ago (Ma). Two types of gene rearrangements are found in the three mitogenomes of P. helioscopus, and this intraspecific rearrangement phenomenon can be explained by the tandem duplication/random loss (TDRL) model. Post duplication, the alternative loss types can occur in 0.23–0.72 Ma, suggesting that the duplication and fixation of these rearrangements can occur quite quickly. These findings highlight the need for more mitogenomes at the population level in order to better understand the potentially rampant intraspecific mitogenomic reorganization in Phrynocephalus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Two Subspecies of the Sunwatcher Toad-Headed Agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus): Prevalent Intraspecific Gene Rearrangements in Phrynocephalus

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…The subgenus Megalochilus was originally established for the largest species of Phrynocephalus-the psammophilous secret toadheaded agama, P. mystaceus [127]. Our analyses agree with the earlier data of Solovyeva et al [2,21] in recognizing two deeply divergent reciprocally monophyletic lineages within Megalochilus with non-overlapping distributions (Figure 2C): P. mystaceus inhabiting Middle Asia, southern Russia, Kazakhstan and western Xinjiang of China, and the recently described P. m. khorasanus from deserts of northeastern Iran [26]. The divergence between these lineages in COI gene is significant (p = 7.2%, see Supplementary Table S2), it was dated as 2.1 mya [2].…”

Section: Megalochilus (Phrynocephalus Mystaceus Species Group)supporting

confidence: 89%

“…A number of recent studies have focused on molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of various Phrynocephalus species or species complexes [7,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and on structure of complete mitochondrial genomes [22][23][24][25][26]. However, there is a lack of comparative phylogenetic works based on large datasets for the whole genus, thus, further studies are needed to access the genetic diversity across the genus Phrynocephalus, estimate the levels of cryptic diversity, and eventually to stabilize the taxonomy of the group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COI-Barcoding and Species Delimitation Assessment of Toad-Headed Agamas of the Genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Squamata) Reveal Unrecognized Diversity in Central Eurasia

et al. 2023

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We provide a diversity assessment of the agamid genus Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825. We analyze COI mtDNA barcodes from 385 individuals sampled all over Phrynocephalus range. We apply the ABGD, ASAP, bGMYC, mlPTP and hsPTP species delimitation algorithms to analyze the COI gene fragment variation and assess the species diversity in Phrynocephalus. Nine species groups are revealed in Phrynocephalus in agreement with earlier studies on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. We demonstrate that the present taxonomy likely underestimates the actual diversity of the genus. Alternative species delimitation algorithms provide a confusingly wide range of possible number of Phrynocephalus species—from 54 to 103 MOTUs (molecular operational taxonomic units). The ASAP species delimitation scheme recognizing 63 MOTUs likely most closely fits the currently recognized taxonomic framework of Phrynocephalus. We also report on 13 previously unknown Phrynocephalus lineages as unverified candidate species. We demonstrate that the ASAP and the ABGD algorithms likely most closely reflect the actual diversity of Phrynocephalus, while the mlPTP and hsPTP largely overestimate it. We argue that species delimitation in these lizards based exclusively on mtDNA markers is insufficient, and call for further integrative taxonomic studies joining the data from morphology, mtDNA and nuDNA markers to fully stabilize the taxonomy of Phrynocephalus lizards.

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“…青藏高原作为全球面积最大且平均海拔最高的地区, 相比其他高地, 长期受到生物学家的关注. 目前世界上海拔分布最高的两栖动物如高山倭蛙(Nanorana parkeri, 最高海拔约5100 m)等(http://www.Amphibiachina.Org) [17] 和爬行动物如红尾沙蜥(Phrynocephalus erythrurus, 最高分布海拔5300 m左右)等 [18] 均分布于此.…”

unclassified

High-altitude adaptive evolution in amphibians and reptiles: Status and prospect

Gao¹,

Fu²,

Che³

2019

Sci. Sin.-Vitae

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the subspecies, Phrynocephalus erythrurus parva (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae), a toad-headed lizard dwell at highest elevations of any reptile in the world

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Two Subspecies of the Sunwatcher Toad-Headed Agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus): Prevalent Intraspecific Gene Rearrangements in Phrynocephalus

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Two Subspecies of the Sunwatcher Toad-Headed Agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus): Prevalent Intraspecific Gene Rearrangements in Phrynocephalus

COI-Barcoding and Species Delimitation Assessment of Toad-Headed Agamas of the Genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Squamata) Reveal Unrecognized Diversity in Central Eurasia

High-altitude adaptive evolution in amphibians and reptiles: Status and prospect

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