The Complete Genome Sequence of
            <i>Propionibacterium Acnes</i>
            , a Commensal of Human Skin

Brüggemann, Holger; Henne, Anke; Hirth, Frank; Liesegang, Heiko; Wiezer, Arnim; Strittmatter, Axel; Hujer, Sandra; Dürre, Peter; Gottschalk, Gerhard

doi:10.1126/science.1100330

Cited by 399 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Up to few years ago, the only completely sequenced and publicly available genome within the genus Propionibacterium was that of the commensal cutaneous species P. acnes [39]. However, in the year 2010, the complete genome of a species that belongs to the taxonomic group of dairy propionibacteria was described for the first time.…”

Section: Genotypic Characteristic Of Propionibacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

Zárate¹

2012

Probiotic in Animals

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Section: Genotypic Characteristic Of Propionibacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

Zárate¹

2012

Probiotic in Animals

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“…In addition, we compared the homologous genes in the P. acnes genomic sequence AE017283 from strain KPA171202 (Bruggemann et al, 2004). The equivalent putative annotated protein in these regions in KPA171202 for PA-25957 is PPA 2127; PA 5541, PPA 2210; PA-21693, PPA0779; PA-21740, PPA0780; and PA-4687, PPA0786.…”

Section: Sequence Analysis Of P Acnes Clinical Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of Propionibacterium acnes

et al. 2006

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Despite accumulating data implicating Propionibacterium acnes in a variety of diseases, its precise role in infection remains to be determined. P. acnes antigen-specific CD4 + T cells are present in early inflamed acne lesions and may be involved in the inflammatory response; however, little is known about the specific antigens involved. In this study, B cell and T cell antigens from P. acnes expression libraries were cloned and evaluated and the four predominant proteins identified were investigated. Two of these antigens share some homology with an M-like protein of Streptococcus equi and have dermatan-sulphate-binding activity (PA-25957 and 5541). The remaining two antigens, PA-21693 and 4687, are similar to the product of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae htaA gene from the hmu ABC transport locus, although only one of these (PA-21693) is encoded within an hmu-like operon and conserved amongst a range of clinical isolates. All four proteins contain an LPXTG motif, although only PA-21693 contains a characteristic sortase-sorting signal. Variation in the expression of PA-4687, 25957 and 5541 is evident amongst clinical isolates and is generated both by frameshifts associated with the putative signal peptide and by variable numbers of repeat regions toward the carboxy-terminus, potentially generating heterogeneity of molecular mass and antigenic variation. In addition, in the case of PA-25957, a frameshift in a C-rich region at the extreme carboxy-terminus eliminates the LPXTG motif in some isolates. For the dermatan-sulphate-binding PA-25957, IgG1 antibody in serum from acne-positive donors was shown to be specific for the amino-terminal region of the protein, which also contains a CD4 + T cell epitope. In contrast, serum from acne-negative donors shows an IgG2 and IgG3 antibody subclass response to the carboxy-terminal region. These data have implications for the potential role of P. acnes in inflammatory acne and other diseases.

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“…Shortly following this publication, the complete genome sequence of P. acnes was published and biofilm-forming genes of the bacterium were soon identified within the sequence. The biofilm of P. acnes is comprised primarily of a glycocalyx polymer, requiring several enzymes including UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2 epimerase and glycosyl transferases [12,13]. …”

Section: Biofilm Formation Of P Acnesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In acne, the biofilm not only activates TLR 2 which generates TNFα and other cytokines, but also generates lipases that are so important in the production of free fatty acids. Biofilm formation in the two disorders differs in that they form in the sweat ducts because of the presence of salt and water; and, in acne, they form in the follicle mainly as a result of genes directing the quorum sensing mechanism [12].…”

Section: Lipase Up Regulation and Toll-like Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Propionibacterium acnes Biofilm in Acne Vulgaris

Linfante¹,

Allawh²,

Allen³

2017

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Acne vulgaris is traditionally known as the result of excess sebum production, follicular hyper keratinization, infection with Propionibacterium acnes, and follicular inflammation. However, the role of P. acnes is gaining momentum as the primary impetus in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The biofilm-forming ability of P. acnes in vitro and on indwelling medical appliances and catheters has been known for quite some time, but only in the last decade has the presence of P. acnes biofilm been observed within the pilosebaceous unit. Since that time, the genome of the microbe has been sequenced, and genes responsible for quorum sensing and biofilm formation have been confirmed. As a result of biofilm formation, the virulence of P. acnes is amplified. Biofilm-encapsulated P. acnes upregulates the production of lipases, resulting in the production of free fatty acids. Free fatty acids as well as the biofilm itself bind the Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4, activating the innate immune system, culminating in a robust inflammatory response. Biofilms also appear to significantly contribute to antibiotic resistance. Acting as a physical barrier for antibiotics as well as a commune for bacteria to exchange antibiotic resistance genes, the biofilm plays an integral role as the major hurdle to treating acne vulgaris. Traditional antimicrobials have not shown much promise in disruption of the biofilm. Other approaches have been investigated utilizing a variety of novel topical compounds that act to prevent or disrupt the biofilm as a therapeutic modality. The role of biofilm in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has remained underappreciated, but with global antimicrobial resistance looming, further attention may be warranted.

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The Complete Genome Sequence of Propionibacterium Acnes , a Commensal of Human Skin

Cited by 399 publications

References 17 publications

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

Variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of Propionibacterium acnes

The Role of Propionibacterium acnes Biofilm in Acne Vulgaris

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