The complete chloroplast genomes of
            <i>Cannabis sativa</i>
            and
            <i>Humulus lupulus</i>

Vergara, Daniela; White, Kristin; Keepers, Kyle G.; Kane, Nolan C.

doi:10.3109/19401736.2015.1079905

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Correlating this increase in scientific publications with methodological advances in DNA research [19,20,22], it seems that only the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 2005 boosted genetics studies on Cannabis, mainly in the last decade. Recently, NGS approaches have been employed for the complete sequencing of the Cannabis chloroplast [5,23] and mitochondria genomes [24], to generate whole-genome drafts [25], and for the development of SNP markers for different varieties of Cannabis [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric Analysis of Cannabis Publications: Six Decades of Research and a Gap on Studies with the Plant

et al. 2018

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In this study we performed a bibliometric analysis focusing on the general patterns of scientific publications about Cannabis, revealing their trends and limitations. Publications related to Cannabis, released from 1960 to 2017, were retrieved from the Scopus database using six search terms. The search term “Genetics” returned 53.4% of publications, while “forensic genetics” and “traceability” represented 2.3% and 0.1% of the publications, respectively. However, 43.1% of the studies were not directly related to Cannabis and, in some cases, Cannabis was just used as an example in the text. A significant increase in publications was observed after 2001, with most of the publications coming from Europe, followed by North America. Although the term Cannabis was found in the title, abstract, or keywords of 1284 publications, we detected a historical gap in studies on Cannabis. We expect that increasing interest in this issue and the rise of new biotechnological advances will lead to the development of new studies. This study will help scientists identify overall research needs, detect the scientific areas in evidence concerning Cannabis studies, and find excellent centers of investigation for scientific interchange and collaboration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric Analysis of Cannabis Publications: Six Decades of Research and a Gap on Studies with the Plant

et al. 2018

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“…However, Cannabis individual sequences generated from these primers are too conserved to obtain variable sites suitable for population-level studies despite repeated tests (Zhang et al, 2017). Based on comparisons of the four available whole chloroplast genomes from cultivars of C. sativa (Oh et al, 2016; Vergara et al, 2016), we developed five pairs of PCR primers targeting several highly variable chloroplast regions ( rps16; psaI-accD; rps11-rps8; rpl32-trnL; ndhF-rpl32 ). These new primers are suitable for the population genetic study of Cannabis and its closest relative Humulus (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key to successful utilization of cpDNA markers for estimating diversity and phylogenetic relationships among populations of Cannabis species requires obtaining sufficient genetic variation in cpDNA and developing suitable cpDNA markers. In this study, based on scrutinizing differences in the whole chloroplast genomes DNA sequences of four Cannabis accessions (Oh et al, 2016; Vergara et al, 2016), we developed five DNA markers for the most variable polymorphic regions and investigated the genetic diversity of an extensive set of Cannabis samples. These samples include wild populations, representative landraces and breeding cultivars from China, as well as some accessions from other countries (The Netherlands, France, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Nigeria, Korea, and USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Adaptation and Genetic Insights Into the Origins of Cannabis sativa L.

et al. 2018

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Cannabis is one of the most important industrial crops distributed worldwide. However, the phylogeographic structure and domestication knowledge of this crop remains poorly understood. In this study, sequence variations of five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions were investigated to address these questions. For the 645 individuals from 52 Cannabis accessions sampled (25 wild populations and 27 domesticated populations or cultivars), three haplogroups (Haplogroup H, M, L) were identified and these lineages exhibited distinct high-middle-low latitudinal gradients distribution pattern. This pattern can most likely be explained as a consequence of climatic heterogeneity and geographical isolation. Therefore, we examined the correlations between genetic distances and geographical distances, and tested whether the climatic factors are correlated with the cpDNA haplogroup frequencies of populations. The “isolation-by-distance” models were detected for the phylogeographic structure, and the day-length was found to be the most important factor (among 20 BioClim factors) that influenced the population structures. Considering the distinctive phylogeographic structures and no reproductive isolation among members of these lineages, we recommend that Cannabis be recognized as a monotypic genus typified by Cannabis sativa L., containing three subspecies: subsp. sativa, subsp. Indica, and subsp. ruderalis. Within each haplogroup which possesses a relatively independent distribution region, the wild and domesticated populations shared the most common haplotypes, indicating that there are multiregional origins for the domesticated crop. Contrast to the prevalent Central-Asia-Origin hypothesis of C. saltiva, molecular evidence reveals for the first time that the low latitude haplogroup (Haplogroup L) is the earliest divergent lineage, implying that Cannabis is probably originated in low latitude region.

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“…Cannabis genome is diploid (2 n = 2 x = 20) and its haploid nuclear genome size is estimated to be 818 Mbp for females (karyotype XX) and 843 Mbp for males (karyotype XY) ( Sakamoto et al, 1998 ). The C. sativa plastid and mitochondrial genomes are 153,871 bp ( Vergara et al, 2016b ) and 415,545 bp ( White et al, 2016 ), respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of Microsatellites In the Cannabis Genommentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

et al. 2020

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Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an influential yet controversial agricultural plant with a very long and prominent history of recreational, medicinal, and industrial usages. Given the importance of this species, we deepened some of the main challenges-along with potential solutions-behind the breeding of new cannabis cultivars. One of the main issues that should be fixed before starting new breeding programs is the uncertain taxonomic classification of the two main taxa (e.g., indica and sativa) of the Cannabis genus. We tried therefore to examine this topic from a molecular perspective through the use of DNA barcoding. Our findings seem to support a unique species system (C. sativa) based on two subspecies: C. sativa subsp. sativa and C. sativa subsp. indica. The second key issue in a breeding program is related to the dioecy behavior of this species and to the comprehension of those molecular mechanisms underlying flower development, the main cannabis product. Given the role of MADS box genes in flower identity, we analyzed and reorganized all the genomic and transcriptomic data available for homeotic genes, trying to decipher the applicability of the ABCDE model in Cannabis. Finally, reviewing the limits of the conventional breeding methods traditionally applied for developing new varieties, we proposed a new breeding scheme for the constitution of F 1 hybrids, without ignoring the indisputable contribution offered by genomics. In this sense, in parallel, we resumed the main advances in the genomic field of this species and, ascertained the lack of a robust set of SNP markers, provided a discriminant and polymorphic panel of SSR markers as a valuable tool for future marker assisted breeding programs.

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The complete chloroplast genomes of Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

A Bibliometric Analysis of Cannabis Publications: Six Decades of Research and a Gap on Studies with the Plant

A Bibliometric Analysis of Cannabis Publications: Six Decades of Research and a Gap on Studies with the Plant

Latitudinal Adaptation and Genetic Insights Into the Origins of Cannabis sativa L.

Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

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