The complete chloroplast genome of Callicarpa rubella Lindl. (Lamiaceae) from Guangxi, China: genome structure and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

The relationship between Callicarpa rubella Lindl. and its infraspecific taxa has troubled researchers for a long time. Here, we reported for the first time the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. rubella to investigate its phylogenetic position and provide more sequencing information for further studies about the relationship between C. rubella and its related species. The cp genome of C. rubella was 154,202 bp in length and displayed a typical quadripartite angiosperm structure, containing two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,701 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,968 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,832 bp. It contained 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The analysis fully resolved C. rubella was in a clade with C. bodinieri and C. nudiflora . The results indicated Callicarpa formed a sister relationship with Dicrastylis parvifolia in Lamiaceae.

Karyomorphological Analysis and Genome Size Variation of Sixteen <i>Callicarpa</i> Taxa in China

“…Furthermore, according to the genome size of 107 species from 39 genera in Lamiaceae obtained from the Plant DNA C-values Database (https://cvalues.science.kew.org/, Supplementary file: Table S2), their 2C-values fell within the range from 0.72 pg (Ocimum tenuiflorum) to 12.90 pg (Eremostachys laciniate), with a mean of 2.52 pg. The genome size of Callicarpa studied here was small, which to some extent supported the previous speculation that Callicarpa was a relatively primitive group in Lamiaceae (Ma 2013, Li et al 2016, Cai et al 2021, Zhao et al 2021. When observing some individuals such as C. kochiana and C. macrophylla, different ploidy (2n=ca 68) was found in some cells, which suggested there might be endopolyploidy existing in these cells.…”

“…In addition, the chromosomes were almost median centromeric or submedian centromeric, which indicated these species were comparatively primitive in the terms of overall phylogeny. Shortly, to sum up, we concluded from the perspective of cytology that Callicarpa was a relatively primitive group in Lamiaceae, which has been proved by previous studies of palynology and molecular phylogeny , Li et al 2016, Cai et al 2021, Zhao et al 2021.…”

“…Callicarpa was assigned to Verbenaceae for a long time, and then Harley et al (2004) proposed transferring it into Lamiaceae based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Except for numerous phytochemistry and pharmacological studies, the taxonomy and systematic evolution of this genus were mainly based on morphology (Bramley 2009, 2011, Ma and Su 2016, palynology ) and molecular phylogeny (Li et al 2016, Cai et al 2021, Zhao et al 2021, Liu et al 2022). In addition, leaf geometric morphometric analyses were also applied as a new approach to identify the species within the genus (Danila and Alejandro 2021).…”

“…In the recent two or three decades, the systematic position of Callicarpa in Lamiaceae was controversial (Harley et al 2004). With the in-depth development of molecular systematics, it has been proved that there was a sister relationship between Callicarpa and the subfamily Prostantheroideae endemic in Australia, and both formed a basal clade in Lamiaceae (Ma 2013, Li et al 2016, Cai et al 2021, Zhao et al 2021. Recently, more comprehensive phylogenic studies on the framework of Lamiaceae suggested establishing a new monotypic subfamily Callicarpoideae (Zhao et al 2021).…”

Callicarpa stoloniformis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Southeast China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence

“…Callicarpa . In recent years, evidences from morphology, palynology, and molecular phylogeny have proved that there was a sister relationship between Callicarpa and subfamily Prostantheroideae endemic in Australia and both formed a basal clade in Lamiaceae (Cai et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Ma, 2013 ; Ma et al, 2015 ; Ma & Su, 2015 ; Ma & Zhang, 2012 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ). Recently, more comprehensive phylogenic studies on the framework of Lamiaceae suggested establishing a new monotypic subfamily Callicarpoideae (Zhao et al, 2021 ).…”