“…Graphic or pictorial symbols (pictograms) created by simplifying the essential external or symbolic characteristics of discrete objects, were used most to represent objects, phenomena, and actions specific to crisis management (on 46 maps-numbered 3, 5,6,7,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,25,26,28,31,32,35,37,41,42,44,45,46,47,56,57,68,72,74,78,80,81,82,83,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,97,98, and 99 in Figure S1). The use of geometric symbols derived from basic geometric figures was observed on one crisis map (map 46 in Figure S1), where data important to military operations were added to the topographic map with the aid of geometric symbols.…”