The compensation incentive effect of athletes: A structural equation model

Abstract

This study explores the compensation incentive effect of athletes. Based on the related literature, we proposed theoretical hypotheses on the compensation incentive effect and established an assessment index system of the compensation incentive effect for athletes. A structural equation model was used to test the survey data of 352 athletes in six provinces to discover the truth of the compensation incentive effect. The results suggested that direct economic compensation satisfaction, direct non-economic compensation satisfaction, and indirect non-economic compensation satisfaction had significant positive effects on the compensation incentive effect of athletes, while indirect economic compensation satisfaction showed no significant effect. Moreover, the evaluation results of athletes’ compensation incentive effect showed that direct economic compensation satisfaction contributed the most to the influence factor of the compensation incentive effect. Therefore, the evaluation of athletes’ compensation incentive effect should focus on variables of direct economic compensation satisfaction, i.e., basic compensation satisfaction, bonus income satisfaction, and subsidy satisfaction. Finally, some strategies and recommendations were suggested to improve the compensation design for athletes.

The attitude of online fans: perceived value, expectation, and identification on VAR satisfaction

“…Factor loading and the AVE of each variable are usually utilized to evaluate the validity of the scales. The test result indicated that factor loading was higher than 0.5 and that the AVE exceeded 0.5 (Mia et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2022), which indicates that the questionnaire exhibits satisfactory validity. Discriminant validity among the latent variables can be established when the AVE of each variable is greater than the correlation coefficients between variables after considering the square root.…”

Building Nurse Competency Strategy at Public Health Center in Indonesia: A Descriptive Qualitative Approach

“…The knowledge management model of nursing services can build a learning organization that is obtained from sharing knowledge and experience between nursing staff (Pereira de Souza et al, 2021). Compensation and promotion can improve the work performance of public health nurses (Zhao et al, 2022). In order to maintain a nurse's level of performance consistently under certain conditions, a nurse must have the ability to understand the patient's needs according to standards.…”

Mixed methods research on satisfaction with athletes’ compensation

“…From the perspective of the compensation incentive effect of athletes, direct economic compensation satisfaction, direct non-economic compensation satisfaction, and indirect non-economic compensation satisfaction have a significant positive impact on the compensation incentive effect of athletes. Direct economic compensation satisfaction has the greatest contribution to the influencing factors of compensation incentive effect 28 . Chinese athletes are a special group, a national role model, and an important component of society.…”

“…However, they have not focused enough on athletes’ compensation satisfaction. Only a few expert studies, Especially Chinese athletes 2 , 24 , 28 , 36 . More research that focuses specifically on athletes' compensation satisfaction is needed.…”

“…(2) However, research on the influencing factors of athletes’ compensation satisfaction is not comprehensive and their research focuses on the history of athlete compensation 22 , 37 and analyses of issues 23 , 38 . Only a few scholars have explored athletes' pay satisfaction, using structural equation modelling, factor analysis and non-parametric tests to analyzed the weighting of factors influencing athletes' pay (either individually or in specific combinations) 24 , 27 , 28 . Existing research on athlete compensation has not adequately considered the "joint effect" of multiple factors.…”