The comparison of vascular reactivities of arterial and venous grafts to vasodilators: Management of graft spasm

Selective Arterial Dilatation by Glyceryl Trinitrate Is Not Associated with Nitric Oxide Formation in vitro

“…Other organic nitrates (ISDN, ISMN) with varying degrees of potency also showed identical arteriovenous selectivity. Our data are consistent with numerous other papers that have found organic nitrates to be more potent in arteries than veins in vitro[6,7,8,9,12,13,14]. Although other studies have in contrast reported venoselectivity for organic nitrates, many of those also found venoselectivity for NO donors (for example sodium nitroprusside, S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine, NaNO 2 ) [10, 15, 16,46,47,48,49].…”

“…This has been generally interpreted to indicate that selective venodilatation is a cornerstone of their therapeutic efficacy [1]; however, direct in vitro comparisons of arteries with veins have been inconsistent. There have been very few studies comparing GTN-induced relaxation of human blood vessels, all of which found the internal mammary artery to be more responsive than the saphenous vein [6,7,8,9]. Other studies have used a variety of arteries and veins from several animal species, reporting GTN to act preferentially on veins [10, 11], whereas others show GTN to be more potent in arteries [12,13,14] or neither to be more sensitive [15, 16].…”

Comparison of the Effects of Levosimendan and Papaverine on Human Internal Mammary Artery and Saphenous Vein

“…The responses of vascular preparations which are used in CABG to the available vasodilator drugs are considered in many studies [1][2][3][4][5]. In the present research, the effect of a new inotropic/vasodilator agent, i. e. levosimendan, on the contractions of IMA and SV was studied and compared with that of papaverine.…”

“…In addition, the reversal of this vasospasm is often challenging, and the most effective therapy is not well defined. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of currently available vasodilators on IMA vasospasm [1][2][3][4][5]. On the other hand, SV is generally considered as an inactive conduit for blood passage but some authors claim that it also has the potential to elicit responses to vasoactive substances.…”

Sirolimus-Eluting Stents to Abolish Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Flow in Porcine Arteriovenous Grafts

“…Papaverine 5 mg/mL was applied locally to prevent vascular spasm. 11 Next, the carotid artery was clamped, and a standardized 8-mm arteriotomy was performed. An end-to-side anastomosis using the ePTFE graft was created at an angle of 45°.…”