The Comparison of the Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Its Analogue Bisphenol S (BPS) on the Enteric Nervous System of the Distal Colon in Mice

Makowska, Krystyna; Lepiarczyk, Ewa; Gonkowski, Sławomir

doi:10.3390/nu15010200

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The most pronounced of them is the effect of bisphenols on VAChT–positive neurons. In contrast to the present study, where bisphenols reduced the number of VAChT-immunoreactive enteric neurons in the stomach, an increase in the number of such neurons in the mouse colon has been found under the influence of BPA and BPS [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The current knowledge about the effect of BPS on the enteric nervous system is even more limited. It is known that BPS may affect the ENS in the mouse colon [ 32 ] and change the number of nitrergic enteric neurons in the stomach [ 17 ]. Comparing the results of previous studies to this investigation, differences in the effects of bisphenols on the ENS between the stomach and the colon can be found [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that BPS may affect the ENS in the mouse colon [ 32 ] and change the number of nitrergic enteric neurons in the stomach [ 17 ]. Comparing the results of previous studies to this investigation, differences in the effects of bisphenols on the ENS between the stomach and the colon can be found [ 32 ]. The most pronounced of them is the effect of bisphenols on VAChT–positive neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes Caused by Bisphenols in the Chemical Coding of Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System of Mouse Stomach

Makowska

Gonkowski

2023

IJERPH

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Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic chemical compound which is widely used in the production of plastics, can severely damage live organisms. Due to these findings, the plastic industry has started to replace it with other substances, most often with bisphenol S (BPS). Therefore, during the present investigation, with the use of double immunofluorescence labeling, we compared the effect of BPA and BPS on the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the mouse corpus of the stomach. The obtained results show that both studied toxins impact the amount of nerve cells immunoreactive to substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT is used here as a marker of cholinergic neurons) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Changes observed under the impact of both bisphenols depended on the neuronal factor, the type of the enteric ganglion and the doses of bisphenols studied. Generally, the increase in the percentage of neurons immunoreactive to SP, GAL and/or VIP, and the decrease in the percentage of VAChT-positive neurons, was noted. Severity of changes was more visible after BPA administration. However, the study has shown that long time exposure to BPS also significantly affects the ENS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes Caused by Bisphenols in the Chemical Coding of Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System of Mouse Stomach

Makowska

Gonkowski

2023

IJERPH

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“…The BPA dose was gradually increased by weighing mice every week. The animals were decapitated after 3 months [24]. The livers were immediately removed after death and stored under liquid nitrogen at −80 • C until further experimental procedures.…”

Section: Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carcinogenic Potential of Bisphenol A in the Liver Based on Transcriptomic Studies

Wiszpolska,

Lepiarczyk,

Maździarz

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics. A correlation exists between BPA tissue contamination and the occurrence of pathological conditions, including cancer. First-passage detoxification of high BPA amounts in the liver promotes hepatotoxicity and morphological alterations of this organ, but there is a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This prompted us to investigate changes in the liver transcriptomics of 3-month-old female mice exposed to BPA (50 mg/kg) in drinking water for 3 months. Five female mice served as controls. The animals were euthanized, the livers were collected, and RNA was extracted to perform RNA-seq analysis. The multistep transcriptomic bioinformatics revealed 120 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the BPA-exposed samples. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations indicated that DEGs have been assigned to many biological processes, including “macromolecule modification” and “protein metabolic process”. Several of the revealed DEGs have been linked to the pathogenesis of severe metabolic liver disorders and malignant tumors, in particular hepatocellular carcinoma. Data from this study suggest that BPA has a significant impact on gene expression in the liver, which is predictive of the carcinogenic potential of this compound in this organ.

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“…Both groups of mice were given the same food, they were also weighed weekly, and the BPA dose was gradually increased on this basis. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation (Makowska et al, 2022). Immediately after death, the kidneys were removed under sterile conditions, then placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further analysis.…”

Section: Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the bisphenol A affected kidney in mice

Wiszpolska,

Lepiarczyk,

Paukszto

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance belonging to the endocrine-disrupting chemicals, globally used in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been found that BPA enhances carcinogenesis, triggers obesity and exerts a pathogenic effect in several disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, asthma, or increased blood pressure. Recent studies have revealed, that BPA has a harmful impact on the kidneys function, therefore, the current research aimed to explore the specific molecular changes triggered in these organs after oral BPA exposure in mice.Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 12 (3-month-old) female mice. Six mice served as controls. The other 6 mice were treated with BPA in the drinking water at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. w. for 3 months. Then animals were euthanized, the kidneys were collected, and extracted RNA was used to perform RNA-seq.Results: Applied multistep bioinformatics revealed 433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the BPA-treated kidneys (232 upregulated and 201 downregulated). Additionally, 95 differentially expressed long-noncoding RNAs (DELs) were revealed in BPA samples. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations indicated that BPA exposure resulted in profound changes in several essential processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial and ribosome function, or chemical carcinogenesis.Conclusion: The obtained novel results suggest that BPA has a harmful impact on the fundamental processes of the kidney and significantly impairs its function by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production.

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The Comparison of the Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Its Analogue Bisphenol S (BPS) on the Enteric Nervous System of the Distal Colon in Mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Changes Caused by Bisphenols in the Chemical Coding of Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System of Mouse Stomach

Changes Caused by Bisphenols in the Chemical Coding of Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System of Mouse Stomach

The Carcinogenic Potential of Bisphenol A in the Liver Based on Transcriptomic Studies

A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the bisphenol A affected kidney in mice

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