The Comparison of Nutritional Value of Human Milk with Other Mammals’ Milk

Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata; Kamelska-Sadowska, Anna M.

doi:10.3390/nu12051404

Cited by 102 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Cow’s milk has very low iron content (only 0.5 mg/L). This is similar to milk from other animals: Goat’s and sheep’s milk contains similar amounts as cow’s milk, while mares’ milk has slightly higher levels [ 35 ];…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow’s Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia—Case Reports and a Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Cow’s milk is a key component of a child’s diet. While the consumption of even trace amounts can result in allergy to its proteins and/or hypolactasia, excessive cow’s milk consumption can result in numerous health complications, including iron deficiency, due to the diet being improperly balanced. Although the incidence of iron deficiency has declined, it remains the most widespread nutritional deficiency globally and the most common cause of anemia. One rare consequence of anemia caused by iron deficiency is protein-losing enteropathy; however, the mechanisms of its development are unclear. The following manuscript, based on a literature review, presents two rare cases of children, a 16-month-old boy and a 2.5-year-old girl, who developed severe microcytic anemia, enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia, and anasarca as a result of excessive cow’s milk consumption. It highlights the possible relationship between excessive consumption of cow’s milk in children and severe iron deficiency anemia with accompanying hypoalbuminemia; it may also result in serious clinical conditions, even in children that do not demonstrate food hypersensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow’s Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia—Case Reports and a Literature Review

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, the most common infant formula is based on bovine milk. In regards to fat, minerals, and protein, bovine milk contains higher concentrations compared to human milk [ 37 , 82 ]. However, the concentration and diversity of many other nutrients and biochemical components, such as SMOs, are significantly lower in bovine milk-based infant formulas [ 37 , 83 ].…”

Section: Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides In Infant Formula Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

Hobbs

Jahan

Ghorashi

et al. 2021

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids of breast milk. All mammal milk contains soluble oligosaccharides, including neutral milk oligosaccharides (NMOs) without sialic acid (Sia) moieties and acidic oligosaccharides or sialylated milk oligosaccharides (SMOs) with Sia residues at the end of sugar chains. The structural, biological diversity, and concentration of milk oligosaccharides in mammalian milk are significantly different among species. HMOs have multiple health benefits for newborns, including development of immune system, modification of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, and brain development. Most infant formulas lack oligosaccharides which resemble HMOs. Formula-fed infants perform poorly across physical and psychological wellbeing measures and suffer health disadvantages compared to breast-fed infants due to the differences in the nutritional composition of breast milk and infant formula. Of these milk oligosaccharides, SMOs are coming to the forefront of research due to the beneficial nature of Sia. This review aims to critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of SMOs in human milk, infant formula milks, and milk from several other species on gut and brain health of human and animal offspring.

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“…Fat in human milk is absorbed at around 92%. It is vital to notice that the amount of cholesterol was lower in breast milk than in cow’s or sheep milk [ 24 ]. The composition of FA is dependent on the mother’s diet.…”

Section: Milk and Bmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis

et al. 2021

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Osteoporosis affects women twice as often as men. Additionally, it is estimated that 0.3 million and 1.7 million people have hip fractures in the USA and Europe, respectively. Having a proper peak bone mass and keeping it as long as possible is especially important for osteoporosis prevention. One of the most important calcium sources is milk and dairy products. Breast milk is the best infant food, but milk should not be avoided later in life to prevent losing bone mass. On the other hand, more and more people limit their milk consumption and consume other dairy or non-dairy products. For example, they are usually replaced with plant beverages, which should be consumed carefully in several age groups. Additionally, an important element of milk and dairy products, as well as plant beverages, are probiotics and prebiotics, which may modulate bone turnover. Dietary recommendations focused on milk, and dairy products are an important element for the prevention of osteoporosis.

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The Comparison of Nutritional Value of Human Milk with Other Mammals’ Milk

Cited by 102 publications

References 83 publications

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow’s Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia—Case Reports and a Literature Review

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow’s Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia—Case Reports and a Literature Review

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis

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