The comparison of methylene blue and vitamin E in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn models: Biochemical and histopathologic evaluation

Abstract

Comparação do azul de metileno e vitamina E na prevenção de aderência abdominal pós-operatória em corno uterino de ratos. Avalição bioquímica e histopatológica ABSTRACT Purpose:To compare the effects of vitamin E and 1% methylen blue solutions on prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in rats. Methods: Thirty seven female Spraque Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. First group was kept as sham operated group. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn of the other groups. The lesion areas of rats from the second, the third and the fourth groups were coated with 2 ml 0.9 % saline solution (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (VE group) and 1% methylen blue solutions (MB group), respectively. Results: Histopathologically, adhesion scores, mononuclear cell infiltration, oedema and fibrosis were more prominent in the MB group compared with C and VE groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and glutation (GSH) level, these parameters were slightly increased in group with VE supplementation though. The administration of VE and MB significantly decreased NO (P<0.01) levels when compared to the C group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the VE group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the Sh and C groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal methylen blue solutions treatments were more effective according to vitamin E in preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in a rat uterine horn model. Key words: Vitamin E. Methylene Blue. Tissue Adhesions. Uterus. Rats. RESUMO Objetivo:Comparar os efeitos da vitamina E e 1% da solução de azul de metileno na prevenção de aderências induzidas em ratos. Métodos: Trinta e sete ratos fêmeas Spraque Dawley foram distribuídos em quatro grupos. O primeiro grupo foi mantido como grupo sham. O modelo de aderência foi realizado no corno uterino esquerdo nos outros grupos. As áreas da lesão dos ratos do segundo, terceiro e quarto grupos foram revestidas com 2 ml de solução salina 0,9% (Grupo C), 10 mg de vitamina E (Grupo VE) e solução de azul de metileno 1% (Grupo MB), respectivamente. Resultados: Histopatologicamente, o escore das aderências, infiltração celular mononuclear, edema e fibrose foram mais proeminentes no grupo MB em comparação aos grupos C e VE. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos na peroxidase da glutatione do tecido (GPx), atividade da catalase (CAT) e o nível de glutation (GSH). Estes parâmetros foram ligeiramente aumentados no grupo com suplemento da VE. A administração da VE e do MB diminuiu significantemente os níveis quando quando comparada ao Grupo C. O nível de malondialdeído no grupo VE foi significantemente mais baixo do que nos grupos sham e C. Conclusão: A administração intraperitoneal da solução de azul de metileno foi mais eficaz de acordo com a vitamina E na prevenção de aderências intra-abdominais no corno uterino de ratos. Descritores: Vitamina E. Azul de Metileno. Aderências Teciduais. Útero. Ratos. Yildiz H et al 52

Cancer cells metabolically "fertilize" the tumor microenvironment with hydrogen peroxide, driving the Warburg effect

“…[57][58][59][60] Conversely, catalase or other antioxidants can also be administered therapeutically, in various pre-clincal models, which then prevents the onset of fibrosis. [61][62][63][64][65][66] In this context, it is interesting to note that activated myofibroblasts are known to produce and secrete hydrogen peroxide, which can have deleterious paracrine effects on adjacent normal epithelial cells. 67 Furthermore, breast cancer patients show systemic evidence of increased oxidative stress and a decreased anti-oxidant defense, which increases with aging and tumor progression.…”

Methylene blue 1% solution on the prevention of intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a dog model

“…Thus, the reduced rate of colonic adhesions was probably reached due to the antioxidant mechanism of MB solution over the colonic serosa and consequent enhanced fi brinolysis. Such hypothesis was confi rmed in other trials involving the uterine horn deserosation (KLUGER et al, 2000;YILDIZ et al, 2011) or cauterization (CETIN et al, 2003), cecal serosa damage (RAŞA et al, 2002;MAHDY et al, 2008), section and anastomosis of the right colon (DINC et al, 2006) and parietal peritoneum ischemia (HEYDRICK et al, 2007) in blinded controlled trials rats.…”

“…Colonic adhesions were diagnosed in two (20%) out of ten bitches that received 1mg kg -1 of 1% MB solution intraperitoneally, while eight (80%) out of ten animals from CT group which presented colonic adhesions (Figure 1-D). Deserosation, desiccation and ischemia/reperfusion injuries usually lead to acute and short-term formation of ROS (BINDA et al, 2003), which can be controlled by methylene blue (RAŞA et al, 2002;HEYDRICK et al, 2007;YILDIZ et al, 2011). Thus, the reduced rate of colonic adhesions was probably reached due to the antioxidant mechanism of MB solution over the colonic serosa and consequent enhanced fi brinolysis.…”

Antienflamatuar and antiadhesive effect of clioquinol

“…Intraperitoneally-administered saline solution exerts its efficacy through diluting the inflammation and clearing the inflammatory mediators from the surgical area [2]. Some authors have revealed that MB can act on the adhesiontissues by reducing the reactive oxygen radicals and inhibiting the accumulation of inflammatory cells [18]. Nonetheless, Panahi et al reported that MB had no activity on inflammation.…”