The comparison between thermal-optical transmittance elemental carbon and Aethalometer black carbon measured at multiple monitoring sites

Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Hopke, Philip K.; Kim, Eugene; Lee, Doh-Won

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.065

Cited by 208 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Total suspended particles were collected onto quartz filters using the previously documented sampling system (11). Although the differences between BC and elemental carbon (EC) have been repeatedly reported (24), in this study, EC is still regarded as equivalent to BC due to current lack of a standard BC quantification method. Hereafter, only the term "BC" is used in this paper to denote light-absorbing carbon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of Coal Briquettes and Improved Stoves: Possibly an Option for both Environment and Climate

Zhi

Peng

Chen

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The use of coal briquettes and improved stoves by Chinese households has been encouraged by the government as a means of reducing air pollution and health impacts. In this study we have shown that these two improvements also relate to climate change. Our experimental measurements indicate that, if all coal were burned as briquettes in improved stoves, particulate matter (PM), organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC) could be annually reduced by 63 ( 12%, 61 ( 10%, and 98 ( 1.7%, respectively. Also, the ratio of BC to OC (BC/OC) could be reduced by about 97%, from 0.49 to 0.016, which would make the primary emissions of household coal combustion more optically scattering. Therefore, it is suggested that the government consider the possibility of: (i) phasing out direct burning of bituminous raw-coal-chunks in households; (ii) phasing out simple stoves in households; and, (iii) financially supporting the research, production, and popularization of improved stoves and efficient coal briquettes. These actions may have considerable environmental benefits by reducing emissions and mitigating some of the impacts of household coal burning on the climate. International cooperation is required both technologically and financially to accelerate the emission reduction in the world.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of Coal Briquettes and Improved Stoves: Possibly an Option for both Environment and Climate

Zhi

Peng

Chen

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…As the principle behind using an aethalometer for BC determination has been described elsewhere (Hansen et al 1984;Jeong et al 2004;Lavanchy et al 1999), only a brief description will be provided here. The aethalometer samples ambient air through a quartz filter tape at a flow rate of 5 L/min.…”

Section: Determination Of Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change is likely due to differences in factors such as chemical composition, mixing state, and relative humidity (Salako et al 2012;Jeong et al 2004;Andreae and Gelencsér 2006;Redemann et al 2001).…”

Section: Exploratory Probe Of the Bc/ec Divergence In The Hh Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems that both EC and BC describe nearly the same fraction of carbonaceous aerosols; however, according to traditional practice, their values are dependent on specified determination methods which focus on different properties, e.g., thermal stability or light absorption (Birch 1998;Chow et al 1993;Hansen et al 1984). This practice introduces the potential for disagreement between EC and BC measurements due to method-involved biases (Jeong et al 2004;Lavanchy et al 1999;Li et al 2006;Salako et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in global and regional energy budgets, the recently increased incidence of heavy urban haze in China is indicative of the growing impact of urban aerosols on both air quality and climate (Engling and Gelencsér 2010;Ramanathan and Feng 2009;Seinfeld and Pandis 1998). Although a number of comparisons of simultaneous EC and BC measurements for urban or non-urban ambient aerosols have been reported (Lavanchy et al 1999;Li et al 2006;Salako et al 2012;Jeong et al 2004;Cyrys et al 2003;Nordmann et al 2009), studies specifically characterizing the EC/ BC relationship during a transition from normal air quality to heavy haze are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of elemental and black carbon measurements during normal and heavy haze periods: implications for research

Zhi

Chen

Xue

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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Studies specifically addressing the elemental carbon (EC)/black carbon (BC) relationship during the transition from clean-normal (CN) air quality to heavy haze (HH) are rare but have important health and climate implications. The present study, in which EC levels are measured using a thermal-optical method and BC levels are measured using an optical method (aethalometer), provides a preliminary insight into this issue. The average daily EC concentration was 3.08±1.10 μg/m 3 during the CN stage but climbed to 11.77±2.01 μg/m 3 during the HH stage. More importantly, the BC/EC ratio averaged 0.92±0.14 during the CN state and increased to 1.88± 0.30 during the HH state. This significant increase in BC/ EC ratio has been confirmed to result partially from an increase in the in situ light absorption efficiency (σ ap ) due to an enhanced internal mixing of the EC with other species. However, the exact enhancement of σ ap was unavailable because our monitoring scheme could not acquire the in situ absorption (b ap ) essential for σ ap calculation. This reveals a need to perform simultaneous measurement of EC and b ap over a time period that includes both the CN and HH stages. In addition, the sensitivity of EC to both anthropogenic emissions and HH conditions implies a need to systematically study how to include EC complex (EC concentration, OC/EC ratio, and σ ap ) as an indicator in air quality observations, in alert systems that assess air quality, and in the governance of emissions and human behaviors.

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From nuclear power to coal power: Aerosol‐induced health and radiative effects

et al. 2015

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We have investigated what would be the climate and PM‐induced air quality consequences if all nuclear reactors worldwide were closed down and replaced by coal combustion. In a way, this presents a “worst‐case scenario” since less polluting energy sources are available. We studied simultaneously the radiative and health effects of coal power emissions using a global 3‐D aerosol‐climate model (ECHAM‐HAMMOZ). This approach allowed us to estimate the effects of a major global energy production change from low carbon source to a high carbon one using detailed spatially resolved population density information. We included the radiative effects of both CO2 and PM2.5 but limited the study of health effects to PM2.5 only. Our results show that the replacement of nuclear power with coal power would have globally caused an average of 150,000 premature deaths per year during the period 2005–2009 with two thirds of them in Europe. For 37 years the aerosol emissions from the additional coal power plants would cool the climate but after that the accumulating CO2 emissions would accelerate the warming of the climate.

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The comparison between thermal-optical transmittance elemental carbon and Aethalometer black carbon measured at multiple monitoring sites

Cited by 208 publications

References 32 publications

Deployment of Coal Briquettes and Improved Stoves: Possibly an Option for both Environment and Climate

Deployment of Coal Briquettes and Improved Stoves: Possibly an Option for both Environment and Climate

Comparison of elemental and black carbon measurements during normal and heavy haze periods: implications for research

From nuclear power to coal power: Aerosol‐induced health and radiative effects

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