The comparison and diagnostic accuracy of different types of thermometers

Erdem, Nurettin; Demirdağ, Tuğba Bedir; Tezer, Hasan; Cura-Yayla, Burcu Ceylan; Baran-Aksakal, Fatma Nur; Tapisiz, Anıl; Derinöz, Okşan; Okur, Arzu; Pınarlı, Faruk Güçlü; Koçak, Ülker; Bıdecı, Aysun

doi:10.24953/turkjped.2021.03.010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Research is exploring alternative routes[ 5 - 11 ]. Tympanic thermometry has been recognized by different studies for its accuracy and convenience compared with the rectal and axillary routes[ 10 , 11 ]. It measures the thermal radiation of the tympanic membrane using infrared radiation emission detectors, either through thermopile or pyroelectric sensors[ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

Isa,

Alnasheet

et al. 2024

World J Clin Pediatr

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BACKGROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission, particularly among children. Recently, the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of age. The efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient outcomes. AIM To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s guideline. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, between June and July 2023. Demographic data, vital signs during the first 48 h of admission, route of temperature measurement, and indications for admission were gathered. Fever was defined according to the NICE guideline. The children were divided into five groups according to their age (0-3 months, > 3-6 months, > 6-12 months, > 12-36 months, and > 36-60 months). Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography, indication for admission, route of temperature measurement, and other vital signs. Compliance with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was assessed. Full compliance was defined as > 95%, partial compliance as 70%-95%, and minimal compliance as ≤ 69%. Pearson’s χ 2, Student’s t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) were used for comparison. RESULTS Of the 136 patients reviewed, 80 (58.8%) were boys. The median age at admission was 14.2 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.7-44.4] months, with the most common age group being 36-60 months. Thirty-six (26.4%) patients had fever, and 100 (73.6%) were afebrile. The commonest age group for febrile patients (> 12-36 months) was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients (0-3 months) (P = 0.027). The median weight was 8.3 (IQR: 4.0-13.3) kg. Patients with fever had higher weight than those without fever [10.2 (IQR: 7.3-13.0) vs 7.1 (IQR: 3.8-13.3) kg, respectively] (P = 0.034). Gastrointestinal disease was the leading indication for hospital admission (n = 47, 34.6%). Patients with central nervous system diseases and fever of unknown etiology were more likely to be febrile (P = 0.030 and P = 0.011, respectively). The mean heart rate was higher in the febrile group than the afebrile group (140 ± 24 vs 126 ± 20 beats per minute, respectively) [P = 0.001 (confidence interval: 5.8-21.9)] with a positive correlation between body temperature and heart rate, r = 0.242, n = 136, P = 0.004. A higher proportion of febrile patients received paracetamol (n = 35, 81.3%) compared to the afebrile patients (n = 8, 18.6%) (P < 0.001). The axillary route was the most commonly used for temperature measurements (n = 40/42, 95.2%), followed by the rectal route (n = 2/42, 4.8%). The department demonstrated full compliance with the NICE guideline for five criteria: the type of thermometer used, route and frequency of temperature measurement, frequency of heart rate measurement, and use of antipyretics as needed. Partial compliance was noted for two criteria, the threshold of fever at 38 °C or more, and the respiratory rate assessment in febrile patients. Minimal compliance or no record was observed for the remaining three criteria; routine assessment of capillary refill, temperature reassessment 1-2 h after each antipyretic intake, and refraining from the use of tepid sponging. CONCLUSION This study showed that fever assessment in hospitalized children under five years of age was appropriate, but certain areas of adherence to the NICE guideline still need to be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

Isa,

Alnasheet

et al. 2024

World J Clin Pediatr

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“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/s23177439/s1, Table S1: NCIT; Table S2: IRT. References [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers and Thermal Scanners for Human Body Temperature Monitoring: A Systematic Review

Zhao,

Bergmann

2023

Sensors

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In recent years, non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) and infrared thermography (IRT) have gained prominence as convenient, non-invasive tools for human body temperature measurement. Despite their widespread adoption in a range of settings, there remain questions about their accuracy under varying conditions. This systematic review sought to critically evaluate the performance of NCITs and IRT in body temperature monitoring, synthesizing evidence from a total of 72 unique settings from 32 studies. The studies incorporated in our review ranged from climate-controlled room investigations to clinical applications. Our primary findings showed that NCITs and IRT can provide accurate and reliable body temperature measurements in specific settings and conditions. We revealed that while both NCITs and IRT displayed a consistent positive correlation with conventional, contact-based temperature measurement tools, NCITs demonstrated slightly superior accuracy over IRT. A total of 29 of 50 settings from NCIT studies and 4 of 22 settings from IRT studies achieved accuracy levels within a range of ±0.3 °C. Furthermore, we found that several factors influenced the performance of these devices. These included the measurement location, the type of sensor, the reference and tool, individual physiological attributes, and the surrounding environmental conditions. Our research underscores the critical need for further studies in this area to refine our understanding of these influential factors and to develop standardized guidelines for the use of NCITs and IRT.

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“…The results from the obtained data in the above figures showed that Thermal cameras were used at low level in developing countries while in developed countries are commonly used. In pandemic situations like COVID-19, the thermal camera acted as an element of security (Erdem et al, 2021). It took body temperature in real time without contact.…”

Section: Demographics Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermal camera based continuous body temperature measurement system for pandemic emergencies

Nkunzimana¹

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In medicine, high body temperature is a symptom that characterize an abnormity of human body. By checking body temperature, it allows doctors to well monitor the effectiveness of treatment and also can show that human health is not normal. During pandemic period like COVID-19, high temperature was a sign that allows a doctor to recommend people to pass to COVID-19 test in order to ensure their conditions. However, most of existing system required human interaction while social distance was one of measures taken by World Health Organization (WHO). In COVID-19 pandemic people are afraid to travel because they think that they can be contaminated. Airport considered first to check if passengers have a normal body temperature or not as is the first symptom of COVID-19 even if they have their COVID test certificate. However, the existing system which was used to do this exercise of body temperature sampling was not fair because it could be away of contamination. Scrum Agile software development method has been used from the requirements phase to test and Validation of the developed system. To come out of the problem settled, a thermal Camera based Continuous Body Temperature Measurement system for Pandemic Emergencies has been developed. This system is contactless of body temperature sampling in real time. Passengers are required to pass in corridor to the waiting room where the system is implemented and measure everyone who pass in. when a high body temperature more than 38 is detected, the system alert airport staff in charge by sending notification with a picture of the person with high temperature. Temperature of passengers to the airport has to be sampled without contact, or line up in real time. The developed system through its options gives the possibility to administrators to generate report, to produce an alarm when high temperature detected which were absent in existing system. It has been an answer for time management, minimization of errors when writing report and increased health security. The system has been liked by passengers and administration at different borders and airport of Burundi.

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The comparison and diagnostic accuracy of different types of thermometers

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers and Thermal Scanners for Human Body Temperature Monitoring: A Systematic Review

A thermal camera based continuous body temperature measurement system for pandemic emergencies

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