The comparision of glybenclamide and metformin-loaded bacterial cellulose/gelatin nanofibres produced by a portable electrohydrodynamic gun for diabetic wound healing

Abstract

Wound dressings made from natural polymers are an important aspect of biomaterials. Proteinbased materials are less likely to instigate an immunogenic response and have the capacity to degrade in vivo, also without triggering an inflammatory response. Therefore, gelatin (GEL) was chosen and combined with bacterial cellulose (BC) to produce nanofibres and the potential of an all-natural polymer construct was determined. GEL and BC were successfully electrospun with metformin (Met) and glybenclamide (Gb) using a portable, point of need electrospinning set up. The virgin fibre group exhibited a significant effect on the proliferation of L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells but all fibre samples can safely be applied on wound site without risk of cytotoxicity. According to the results obtained by animal tests, the GEL-BC-Gb group showed better recovery than the GEL-BC-Met group. Diabetic wounds treated with GEL-BC-Met were characterized by moderate re-epithelialization and partially organized granulation tissue.Moderate to complete re-epithelialization and well-formed granulation tissue were observed in diabetic wounds treated with GEL-BC-Gb. The histologic scores obtained on day 14 confirmed that the GEL-BC-Gb group played a stronger wound-healing role compared to the GEL-BC-Met group. The highest decrease of TNF-α level was observed in the GEL-BC-Gb group at the end of the experiment but there is no significant difference between drug-loaded fibre groups.Therefore, topical administration of Met and Gb in a sustained release form has a high potential for diabetic wound healing with high bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects but Gb showed better improvement according to the results of the animal tests.

Accelerated diabetic wound healing by topical application of combination oral antidiabetic agents-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation study

“…According to literature data, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and metformin (MET) with each of these classes of compounds exhibit moderate-to-strong anti-inflammatory effects. [26,27] Therefore, MET, pioglitazone (PHR), and glibenclamide (GB), which also exhibit the strongest anti-inflammatory effect among antidiabetic drugs, were used in the current study to accelerate diabetic wound healing. Hence, fibrotic responses or tissue repair may be controlled in the future by the combination of thiazolidinediones, biguanides, and sulfonylureas that regulate PPAR-γ, AMPK, and KATP channel activity [28][29][30].…”

Glibenclamide Nanocrystal-Loaded Bioactive Polymeric Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration: In Vitro Characterization and Preclinical Evaluation

“…Cam et al [26] showed accelerated wound healing by topical application of a combination of oral antidiabetic agents loaded in chitosan and gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds. Additionally, loading of glibenclamide and metformin into bacterial cellulose/gelatin fibrous scaffolds offered a high potential for diabetic wound healing with a high bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects [29].…”

Nanofiber-based systems intended for diabetes

“…[162] drugs-eluting dressing enhance DW healing. However, glibenclamide loaded scaffolds had better results [163].…”

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. [163] meaningfully higher vascular density, higher collagen deposition level, and faster wound healing were achieved [173].…”