The Comparative Functional Morphology of the Pelvic Appendage in Three Genera of Cuculidae

Berger, Andrew J.

doi:10.2307/2422033

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Quando estes resultados foram comparados com outros autores (Berger 1952, Kumar & Singh 2014, Rezk 2015, percebeu-se uma clara variação ao número encontrado, de Fig.3. Radiografia da região torácica de um exemplar de Amazona aestiva, em projeção ventro-dorsal mostrando 6 vértebras torácicas livres (entre as setas), bem como seus corpos avantajados.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Já, quanto ao pigóstilo, da mesma forma que Hogg (1984), foram observadas somente três vértebras fusionadas para sua constituição em 26 (86,66%) dos espécimes utilizados (Fig.4) e, em apenas 4 (13,33%) papagaios da espécie Amazona aestiva, foram encontradas duas vértebras na sua formação, quadro semelhante ao descrito por Baumel (1993). Como já citado para as vértebras cervicais, estas pequenas variações encontradas são esperadas e totalmente normais dentro de um mesmo gênero (Olson 2003), já que neste caso o número de vértebras que fusionam para a formação do pigóstilo provavelmente é determinado durante a embriogênese (Berger 1952).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Descrição anatômica de esqueletos de papagaios do gênero Amazona através da utilização de radiografias

Cavinatto

Armando²,

Cruz

et al. 2016

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-O esqueleto de papagaios da espécie Amazona aestiva foi descrito e comparado com representantes de outras espécies do gênero Amazona. Para tanto, foram utilizados 22 exemplares da espécie Amazona aestiva; dois das espécies Amazona vinacea; Amazona rhodocorythae, Amazona farinosa, além de um exemplar das espécies Amazona brasiliensis e Amazona pretrei, doados após morte natural pelo Criadouro Poços de Caldas. Foram realizadas radiografias de corpo inteiro, variando de decúbito lateral direito ou esquerdo, no caso das projeções latero-laterais, e em decúbito dorsal, no caso da projeção ventro-dorsal. Independentemente da espécie, os crânios dos papagaios estudados puderam ser classificados como pró-cinéticos, por apresentarem liberdade de movimentos em sua porção rostral. Na maioria dos casos, a coluna vertebral esteve formada por 12 vértebras cervicais, seis vértebras torácicas livres, sinsacro (formado pela fusão da última vértebra torácica, 7 lombosacrais e uma caudal), cinco vértebras caudais livres e pelo pigóstilo (formado por três vértebras caudais fusionadas) e, apesar de diferenças pontuais, o esqueleto apendicular torácico e pélvico se mostrou muito semelhante ao observado para outros gêneros de aves e, inclusive, não foi possí-vel observar dimorfismo sexual através das características anatômicas dos esqueletos dos papagaios trabalhados. This study describes the skeleton of Amazona aestiva parrots and compared it with representatives of other Amazona species. To this end, we used 22 specimens of Amazona aestiva, two specimens each of Amazona vinacea; Amazona rhodocorythae, Amazona farinosa and one specimen each of Amazona brasiliensis and Amazona pretrei donated after natural death by Poços de Caldas Breeding Park. Full body radiographs were taken, in either the right or left lateral decubitus position, in the case of laterolateral projections, and in supine position, in the case of ventrodorsal projection. Regardless of the species, skulls of the parrots were classified as prokinetic, because of free movements in their rostral portion. In most cases, the spine consisted of: 12 cervical vertebrae, six free thoracic vertebrae, synsacrum (formed by the fusion of the last thoracic vertebrae, 7 lumbosacral vertebrae and one caudal vertebrae), five free caudal vertebrae and the pygostyle (formed by three fused caudal vertebrae). Despite punctual differences, thoracic and pelvic appendicular skeleton proved to be very similar to that observed for other genera of birds. In addition, there was no sexual dimorphism considering the anatomical characteristics of the skeletons of parrots analyzed.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Descrição anatômica de esqueletos de papagaios do gênero Amazona através da utilização de radiografias

Cavinatto

Armando²,

Cruz

et al. 2016

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…The developmental mechanism proposed for the origin of zygodactyly-an imbalance of forces in the lateral and medial sides of the proximal phalanx-may also explain the evolution of zygodactyly in Pici (barbets, toucans, woodpeckers and allies). They are the only other Telluraves (clade comprising most arboreal [14,15].…”

Section: (B) Zygodactyly In Extant and Fossil Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes

et al. 2014

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The zygodactyl orientation of toes (digits II and III pointing forwards, digits I and IV pointing backwards) evolved independently in different extant bird taxa. To understand the origin of this trait in modern birds, we investigated the development of the zygodactyl foot of the budgerigar (Psittaciformes). We compared its muscular development with that of the anisodactyl quail (Galliformes) and show that while the musculus abductor digiti IV (ABDIV) becomes strongly developed at HH36 in both species, the musculus extensor brevis digiti IV (EBDIV) degenerates and almost disappears only in the budgerigar. The asymmetric action of those muscles early in the development of the budgerigar foot causes retroversion of digit IV (dIV). Paralysed budgerigar embryos do not revert dIV and are anisodactyl. Both molecular phylogenetic analysis and palaeontological information suggest that the ancestor of passerines could have been zygodactyl. We followed the development of the zebra finch (Passeriformes) foot muscles and found that in this species, both the primordia of the ABDIV and of the EBDIV fail to develop. These data suggest that loss of asymmetric forces of muscular activity exerted on dIV, caused by the absence of the ABDIV, could have resulted in secondary anisodactyly in Passeriformes.

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“…1TC. Several hypotheses of ITC function have been put forth, such as femoral protractor [Fisher, 1946;Berger. 1952], femoral retractor [Cracraft, 1971).…”

Section: Muscle Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Diversity in Archosaur Deep Dorsal Thigh Muscles

Gatesy¹

1994

Brain Behav Evol

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The living members of the clade Archosauria, crocodilians and birds, differ markedly in the morphology of their deep dorsal thigh muscles. To investigate whether this diversity is accompanied by differences in motor pattern and muscle function, the hindlimbs of representative archosaurs were studied by electromyography and cineradiography during terrestrial locomotion. In a crocodilian, Alligator, the iliofemoralis and pubo-ischio-femoralis internus part 2 are both active during the swing phase of the stride cycle. This appears to be the primitive motor pattern for archosaurs. There are four avian homologues of these muscles in the helmeted guineafowl, Numida. These are primarily active in the propulsive phase (iliotrochantericus caudalis and iliotrochantericus medius), the swing phase (iliotrochantericus cranialis) and a speed-dependent combination of the propulsive and/or swing phases (iliofemoralis externus). Differences between Alligator and Numida in the number and attachment of deep dorsal muscles are associated with dissimilar motor patterns and functions. Evolutionary modifications of neuromuscular control must be recognized when evaluating avian locomotor history, but are rarely considered by paleontologists. Even within the deep dorsal thigh muscles of Numida, developmentally and anatomically similar muscles are active out-of-phase. Therefore, although the actions of two adjacent muscles appear equivalent, their functions may differ dramatically. The diversity of deep dorsal thigh muscles in modern birds may be a good model for studying the relationship between activity pattern and peripheral morphology.

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The Comparative Functional Morphology of the Pelvic Appendage in Three Genera of Cuculidae

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Descrição anatômica de esqueletos de papagaios do gênero Amazona através da utilização de radiografias

Descrição anatômica de esqueletos de papagaios do gênero Amazona através da utilização de radiografias

The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes

Neuromuscular Diversity in Archosaur Deep Dorsal Thigh Muscles

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