The comparative applied phosphate requirements of eight annual pasture species

Ozanne, PG; Keay, John; Biddiscombe, EF

doi:10.1071/ar9690809

Cited by 90 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The low level of phosphorus in the shoot material from the later harvests, compared with that found in pasture plants growing under optimum conditions (Asher and Loneragan, 1967;Ozanne et al, 1969) suggests that the plants were probably competing for phosphorus in a soil that was known to be phosphorus deficient. Competition became clearly evident by harvest C by which time the intermingling root systems might be sufficiently dense to start to affect each others' phosphorus uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Competition between grassland plants of different initial sizes

Newbery

Newman

1978

Oecologia

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Four species of grassland plant, Plantago lanceolata, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Rumex acetosa, were grown as monocultures and mixtures in pots of nutrient poor soil in a glasshouse for 8 months. There were four plants per pot and these were arranged in two competition modes: either root and shoot interactions were permitted, or only roots allowed to interact by using above-ground partitions. Time of introduction of seedlings was varied to give a range of plant size ratios at the start of the experiment. The factorial design catered for all combinations of species, competition modes and planting times, replicated in four blocks. The shoots were clipped at a fixed height at each of five harvests. Rumex grew badly and was mostly omitted from analysis of the data.By (i) following the change in the relationship of clip dry weights against planting time with successive harvests, (ii) plotting the change in the logarithm of the ratio of cumulative clip dry weights with time and (iii) the use of de Wit logarithmic ratio plots it was demonstrated that each monoculture and mixture combination's ratios of plant weights converged towards stable equilibrium values. Three hypotheses are put forward to explain why in monocultures a smaller plant was at a competitive advantage relative to a larger neighbour and was not suppressed in its growth by the latter. In mixtures this plant size effect was superimposed to different extents on the relative aggressiveness of the species considered. It was concluded that in a nutrient poor soil, when competition for light was low, root interactions can promote the co-existence of neighbouring plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Competition between grassland plants of different initial sizes

Newbery

Newman

1978

Oecologia

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“…Some species of annual lupins are known for their ability to grow well on soils low in available P (Gardner et al, 1983;Keay et al, 1970;Ozanne et al, 1969;Ozanne and Petch, 1978). Two perennial lupins of North American origin, Lupinus polyphyllus and Lupinus arboreus, have become naturalised in New Zealand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative phosphorus requirements of some temperate perennial legumes

Davis¹

1991

Plant Soil

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The phosphorus (P) responses of seven temperate perennial pasture legumes and two species of lupins were compared in a field trial over a range of nine P rates, from 0 to 800 kg ha -1. The two lupins produced more than 5 t ha-~ of dry matter in the absence of added P and showed no response to the fertiliser. In contrast, the pasture legumes initially failed to grow without added P and responded to applications of between 200 and 800 kg ha -~. At the higher rates of P, dry matter production of the pasture legumes was equivalent to that of the lupins.In the first 2 years of the trial; the most productive pasture legume species at the higher rates of added P were also the most productive at the lower rates. Phosphorus requirements for 90% of maximum yield varied greatly between species, but were closely related to maximum yield. Thus species with low P requirements for maximum yield were not necessarily P-efficient species. In the third and subsequent years of the trial Lotus corniculatus performed better than the other pasture legumes at the lower rates of added P. In contrast to other studies Lotus pedunculatus showed no ability to outyield Trifolium repens at low rates of P. Critical P concentrations of the pasture species for the late spring-early summer period declined in the order Trifolium repens (0.34%)> Lotus pedunculatus (0.30%)> Triofolium pratense (0.28%)> Trifolium hybridum (0.27%)> Trifolium ambiguum (0.26%) > Lotus corniculatus (0.23%).Mineralisable nitrogen (N) levels were determined in soils under three species in the 7th year of the trial. At the lowest rates of added P, mineralisable N levels were much higher under Lupinus polyphyllus than under Trifolium repens or Lotus corniculatus. With increasing P rate, levels under the latter species increased, and at 100 kg P ha -1 were equivalent to those under the lupin with no added P.

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“…In addition, a basal dose of nutrients except P was also applied in 20 ml of solution and mixed with the soil to ensure that P was the only limiting nutrient for plant growth (Mendoza 2001). This nutrient solution was previously used by Ozanne et al (1969) and includes nitrogen. Seeds of L. tenuis were surface sterilised (alcohol 95% plus H 2 O 2 in 100 vol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexible mathematical models were proposed to describe response curves of pasture species at a range of added water-soluble P (Ozanne et al 1969), and then used in different studies with appropriate modifications to improve curve fitting (Campbell and Keay 1970;Bolan et al 1983;Barrow and Mendoza 1990). It is commonly observe that PR and WSP do not share the same maximum crop yield (Chien et al 1990; Barrow and Bolland 1990;Rajan et al 1996;Truong 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How do soil P tests, plant yield and P acquisition by Lotus tenuis plants reflect the availability of added P from different phosphate sources

Mendoza

Lamas

García

2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The relative effectiveness (RE) of each one of three different sources of P-P in solution (Psol), triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphate rock (PR)-for reflecting the availability of P in a P-deficient soil were assessed by measuring in Lotus tenuis variables associated with growth, organ morphology, and plant tissue P-content together with the amounts of P extracts from soil by two of the currently used soil-P tests-Bray I and Olsen. A hyperbolic equation was used to fit the response curves of each one of those plant variables to added-P. The ratio between the shapes of paired response curves of any P-sources was used to compute the RE and substitution rate (K) of one source relative to the other. More P was needed from TSP and PR compared to Psol-100% soluble P-source. On the average P applications as TSP relative to Psol and PR relative to TSP were only 68 and 63% effective respectively for plant growth. Plant roots were more sensitive than soil-P tests to detect shifts in P-availability from different P-sources. Because soil tests are commonly used to estimate the current P status in soil in order to calculate the optimum application levels of fertilizer P for a crop or pasture, these results would have practical agronomical consequences if reproduced in other cultivated species because they show that the response curve of a plant species as a function of added P and soil test might differ among fertilizer types, measured plant variables, and the test used to measure P availability in the soil.

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The comparative applied phosphate requirements of eight annual pasture species

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Competition between grassland plants of different initial sizes

Competition between grassland plants of different initial sizes

The comparative phosphorus requirements of some temperate perennial legumes

How do soil P tests, plant yield and P acquisition by Lotus tenuis plants reflect the availability of added P from different phosphate sources

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