The comparability of the WRAT-R reading test and NAART as estimates of premorbid intelligence in neurologically impaired patients

Johnstone, Brick; Callahan, Charles D.; Kapila, C. J.; Bouman, D. E.

doi:10.1093/arclin/11.6.513

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Table 4 compares these classifications with those made using the WAT to predict scores on the BWM-R. In sum, the WAT is similar to other reading tests in successfully predicting scores in average ranges on cognitive batteries but tends to underestimate higher than average scores and over-estimate lower than average scores (Johnstone et al, 1996). The WAT appears weaker at predicting above average scores, although a sample with more numerous, highly educated participants would be necessary to confirm this result.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Is adaptation of the Word Accentuation Test of Premorbid Intelligence necessary for use among older, Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States?

Schrauf

Weıntraub

Navarro

2006

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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Adaptations of the National Adult Reading Test (NART) for assessing premorbid intelligence in languages other than English requires (a) generating word-items that are rare and do not follow grapheme-to-phoneme mappings common in that language, and (b) subsequent validation against a cognitive battery normed on the population of interest. Such tests exist for Italy, France, Spain, and Argentina, all normed against national versions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Given the varieties of Spanish spoken in the United States, the adaptation of the Spanish Word Accentuation Test (WAT) requires re-validating the original word list, plus possible new items, against a cognitive battery that has been normed on Spanish-speakers from many countries. This study reports the generation of 55 additional words and revalidation in a sample of 80 older, Spanish-dominant immigrants. The Batería Woodcock-Muñoz Revisada (BWM-R), normed on Spanish speakers from six countries and five U.S. states, was used to establish criterion validity. The original WAT word list accounted for 77% of the variance in the BWM-R and 58% of the variance in Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices, suggesting that the unmodified list possesses adequate predictive validity as an indicator of intelligence. Regression equations are provided for estimating BWM-R and Ravens scores from WAT scores. (JINS, 2006, 12, 391-399.)

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confidence: 85%

Is adaptation of the Word Accentuation Test of Premorbid Intelligence necessary for use among older, Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States?

Schrauf

Weıntraub

Navarro

2006

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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“…Medical comorbidity was assessed with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (Miller et al, 1992). At pre-ECT baseline, the North American Adult Reading Test (NAART) provided an estimate of premorbid intelligence (Johnstone et al, 1996). An extensive neuropsychological battery was administered at pre-ECT baseline, within days of completing the ECT course, and at 6-month (24-week) follow-up.…”

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Community Settings

Sackeïm

Prudic

Fuller

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

465

370

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Despite ongoing controversy, there has never been a large-scale, prospective study of the cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We conducted a prospective, naturalistic, longitudinal study of clinical and cognitive outcomes in patients with major depression treated at seven facilities in the New York City metropolitan area. Of 751 patients referred for ECT with a provisional diagnosis of a depressive disorder, 347 patients were eligible and participated in at least one post-ECT outcome evaluation. The primary outcome measures, Modified Mini-Mental State exam scores, delayed recall scores from the Buschke Selective Reminding Test, and retrograde amnesia scores from the Columbia University Autobiographical Memory Interview-SF (AMI-SF), were evaluated shortly following the ECT course and 6 months later. A substantial number of secondary cognitive measures were also administered. The seven sites differed significantly in cognitive outcomes both immediately and 6 months following ECT, even when controlling for patient characteristics. Electrical waveform and electrode placement had marked cognitive effects. Sine wave stimulation resulted in pronounced slowing of reaction time, both immediately and 6 months following ECT. Bilateral (BL) ECT resulted in more severe and persisting retrograde amnesia than right unilateral ECT. Advancing age, lower premorbid intellectual function, and female gender were associated with greater cognitive deficits. Thus, adverse cognitive effects were detected 6 months following the acute treatment course. Cognitive outcomes varied across treatment facilities and differences in ECT technique largely accounted for these differences. Sine wave stimulation and BL electrode placement resulted in more severe and persistent deficits.

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“…In addition, White et al used a measure of general intellectual abilities that did not generate group differences. We estimated IQ in our battery with a reading test commonly used as an estimate of premorbid intellectual abilities (Griffi n et al, 2002 ;Johnstone et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological functioning of U.S. Gulf War veterans 10 years after the war

Toomey

Alpern

Vasterling

et al. 2009

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Many U.S. Gulf War-era veterans complained of poor cognition following the war. This study assessed neuropsychological functioning in veterans 10 years after the war through objective tests. 2189 Gulf War-era veterans (1061 deployed, 1128 non-deployed) were examined at 1 of 16 U.S. Veterans Affairs medical centers. Outcomes included neuropsychological domains derived from factor analysis and individual test scores. Deployed veterans performed significantly worse than non-deployed veterans on 2 of 8 factors (motor speed & sustained attention, analysis not corrected for multiple comparisons) and on 4 of 27 individual test variables (Trails A & B, California Verbal Learning Test – List B, and Continuous Performance Test sensitivity, with only Trails B surviving Bonferroni correction). Within deployed veterans, Khamisiyah exposure was negatively correlated with motor speed after controlling for emotional distress. Depressive symptoms and self-reported exposure to toxicants were independently and significantly associated with worse sustained attention. Other factors were also associated with self-reported exposures. The findings were not a result of differential effort across groups. Gulf War deployment is associated with subtle declines of motor speed and sustained attention, despite overall intact neuropsychological functioning. Evidence suggests that toxicant exposures influence both these functions, and depressive symptoms also influence attention. (JINS, 2009, 15, 717–729.)

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The comparability of the WRAT-R reading test and NAART as estimates of premorbid intelligence in neurologically impaired patients

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Is adaptation of the Word Accentuation Test of Premorbid Intelligence necessary for use among older, Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States?

Is adaptation of the Word Accentuation Test of Premorbid Intelligence necessary for use among older, Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States?

The Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Community Settings

Neuropsychological functioning of U.S. Gulf War veterans 10 years after the war

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