The Company They Keep: Friendships and Their Developmental Significance

Hartup, Willard W.

doi:10.2307/1131681

Cited by 985 publications

(620 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…With repetition, these peer interaction patterns are reinforced, forming stable modes of negotiation of emotional challenges and needs. Peer interactions in middle childhood and adolescence provide repeated opportunities to practice and shape conflict resolution skills (Hartup, 1996), which will later be applied to romantic relationships (Connolly & Goldberg, 1999).…”

Section: Theoretical Model Of Partner Violence Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Ehrensaft¹,

Cohen²,

Brown³

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

880

727

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An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to and from an adult partner. Conduct disorder (CD) was the strongest risk for perpetrating partner violence for both sexes, followed by ETDV, and power assertive punishment. The effect of child abuse was attributable to these 3 risks. ETDV conferred the greatest risk of receiving partner violence; CD increased the odds of receiving partner violence but did not mediate this effect. Child physical abuse and CD in adolescence were strong independent risks for injury to a partner. SUD mediated the effect of adolescent CD on injury to a partner but not on injury by a partner. Prevention implications are highlighted.

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Section: Theoretical Model Of Partner Violence Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Ehrensaft¹,

Cohen²,

Brown³

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

880

727

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fact that positive and negative affect are mediated by different neural circuits (see, e.g., R. Davidson, 1992 ;Gray, 1990 ) lends credence to the view that nothing about the mind requires that any given stimulus be associated with only a single affective valence. Indeed, several literatures are independently converging on the notion that positive and negative emotional responses and interpersonal interactions are only moderately correlated, are processed separately, and have distinct correlates, including research on the impact of supportive and harsh parenting , ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation ( Brewer & Brown, 1998 ), positivity and negativity in children's relationships ( Hartup, 1996 ), and acceptance and negative reciprocity in marital couples ( Arkowitz- ).…”

Section: Conflict Ambivalence and The Modular Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Westen

1998

Psychological Bulletin

334

231

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Although commentators periodically declare that Freud is dead, his repeated burials lie on shaky grounds. Critics typically attack an archaic version of psychodynamic theory that most clinicians similarly consider obsolete. Central to contemporary psychodynamic theory is a series of propositions about (a) unconscious cognitive, affective, and motivational processes; (b) ambivalence and the tendency for affective and motivational dynamics to operate in parallel and produce compromise solutions; (c) the origins of many personality and social dispositions in childhood; (d) mental representations of the self, others, and relationships; and (e) developmental dynamics. An enormous body of research in cognitive, social, developmental, and personality psychology now supports many of these propositions. Freud's scientific legacy has implications for a wide range of domains in psychology, such as integration of affective and motivational constraints into connectionist models in cognitive science.Freud, like Elvis, has been dead for a number of years but continues to be cited with some regularity. Although the majority of clinicians report that they rely to some degree upon psychodynamic 1 principles in their work ( Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987 ), most researchers consider psychodynamic ideas to be at worst absurd and obsolete and at best irrelevant or of little scientific interest. In the lead article of a recent edition of Psychological Science, Crews (1996) arrived at a conclusion shared by many: " [T]here is literally nothing to be said, scientifically or therapeutically, to the advantage of the entire Freudian system or any of its component dogmas" (p. 63).Despite the explosion of empirical studies of unconscious cognitive processes (see, e.g., Greenwald, 1992 ;Kihlstrom, 1987 ;Schacter, 1992 ), few reference Freud; none cite any contemporary psychodynamic work; and in general, psychodynamic concepts are decreasingly represented in the major psychology journals ( Robins & Craik, 1994 ). The situation is similar in the popular media and in broader intellectual discourse. Publications ranging from Time to the New York Review of Books periodically publish Freud's intellectual obituary, with critics charging that Freud's ideas-such as his dual-instinct theory or his hypotheses about female personality development-are seriously out of date and without scientific merit (e.g., Crews, 1993 ).Many aspects of Freudian theory are indeed out of date, and they should be: Freud died in 1939, and he has been slow to undertake further revisions. His critics, however, are equally behind the times, attacking countenance was last sighted in earnest. Contemporary psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists no longer write much about ids and egos, nor do they conceive of treatment for psychological disorders as an archaeological expedition in search of lost memories ( Aron, 1996 ;Gabbard, 1994 ;Horowitz, 1988 ;Kolb, Cooper, & Fishman, 1995 ;Mitchell, 1988 ;Wachtel, 1993 ). People do sometimes describe feelings or behav...

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“…Much of the work on individual differences in the establishment of close friendships and peer group selection is based on the idea of proactive transactions. It appears that friendship patterns and peer networks are often the function of children with similar behavioral tendencies affiliating with one another, which may facilitate continuity in each of the individual's traits (Hartup, 1996;Kupersmidt, DeRosier, & Patterson, 1995;Rubin, Lynch, Coplan, Rose-Krasnor, & Booth, 1994). However, proactive selection of peers might also function to discourage continuity of traits.…”

Section: Influences On Continuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does infancy matter? predicting social behavior from infant temperament

Fox

Henderson

1999

Infant Behavior and Development

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In this essay we argue that infant temperament, defined as behavioral styles that appear early in life as a direct result of neurobiological factors, plays a significant role in the development and expression of social behavior. Temperament may be studied using a typological or dimensional approach and the relations between early temperament and later behavior can be examined in terms of homotypic or heterotypic continuity. The implication of each of these approaches for understanding the influence of infant temperament on social development is examined. As well, utilizing data from our laboratory, we suggest that under certain circumstances one can predict social behavior by identifying two temperament types in infancy. These types are high reactive/high negative infants and high reactive/high positive infants. A significant proportion of the high reactive/high negative infants display behavioral inhibition and social reticence through the preschool years, whereas a significant proportion of the high reactive/high positive infants display exuberance and positive social interaction through the preschool period.

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The Company They Keep: Friendships and Their Developmental Significance

Cited by 985 publications

References 36 publications

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Does infancy matter? predicting social behavior from infant temperament

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