The Common Law in West Africa. By W. C. Ekow Daniels. [London: Butterworths. 1964. lv and 424 pp. 75s. net.]

Marshall, Helen

doi:10.1093/iclqaj/13.3.1134

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Spawning behaviour and sites are not well known for Antarctic fish but Marshall (1953Marshall ( ,1964 concluded that the production of demersal eggs was typical in Antarctic species. The large size of the eggs of many species and the prolonged incubation period would imply that the spawning of demersal eggs should be an effective strategy in preventing them from being dispersed into the open ocean but exposes them to extended periods of being consumed by benthic predators.…”

Section: Nesting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of nests for incubation of eggs was first described for an Antarctic fish by J.W.S. Marr in 1944(Marshall 1964 who observed nests of Harpagifer (H. antarcticus) at Port Lockroy. This behaviour was subsequently described in detail by Daniels (1978).…”

Section: Nesting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger deposit eggs in the cavities of sponges (Moreno 1980) and the bathydraconid Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Norman produces adhesive demersal eggs (White et al 1982) but it is not known if either species produces discrete nests or guards the eggs during incubation. The eggs of liparid Paraliparis gracilis Norman have been found attached to hydroids at South Georgia (Marshall 1964). The n o t o t h en i i d s Tr em a tom us e u Zep ido t us R e g an an d Nototheniops larseni are reported to produce benthic egg masses (Ekau 1989, Konecki&Targett 1989.…”

Section: Nesting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproduction and larval growth of Harpagifer antarcticus Nybelin (Pisces, Notothenioidei)

White

Burren²

1992

Antartic science

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The spiny plunder-fish, Harpagifer antarcticus, is a common shallow-water demersal species distributed along the southern limb of the Scotia Arc. A year roundstudy was made of its reproductive biology at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, for comparison with populations from the Antarctic Peninsula and with H. georgianus at South Georgia. AdultH. antarcticus inhabit rubble substrata and spawn 300-1500 eggs into a nest during May/July. The nest is guarded by both male and female fish during an incubation period of up to 150 days. After hatching during NovemberDecember the larvae grow at a rate of 0.082 mm d 1 (summer), 0.049 mm d' (winter) and 0.067 mm d 1 (annual), calculated from a time-series of samples collected from the field. This rate of growth is slow even among Antarctic species but is similar to the closely related species H georgianus. Adult male and female H. antarcticus at the South Orkney Islands attain amaximum standard length of 88 mm and 85 mm respectively.

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Section: Nesting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nesting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%