The common cold: a review of the literature

Abstract

Respiratory viral infections, also known as the common cold, are the most common infections in humans. Despite their benign nature, they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality on a worldwide basis. Several viruses have been associated with such illness, of which rhinovirus is the most common. Symptom production is a combination of viral cytopathic effect and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, antiviral treatment alone may not be able to prevent these events. The optimal use of such agents also requires earlier initiation; therefore, it is important to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory viruses. Before any reliable and effective treatment is available, symptomatic therapies may remain the only possible choice of management.

Efficacy of a Topical Aromatic Rub (Vicks VapoRub<sup>®</sup>) on Effects on Self-Reported and Actigraphically Assessed Aspects of Sleep in Common Cold Patients

“…The common cold, an infection of the upper respiratory tract, is reported to be the most common human infectious disease [1] [2]. Adults can experience two to four episodes a year and children six to eight [2].…”

“…Rhinoviruses are the most common causative agents accounting for up to 50% of symptomatic infections [1]. The main symptoms of common cold include nasal congestion, nasal discharge, sneezing, headache, sore throat, and cough [4].…”

Observational Study of a Multi-Active Ingredient Over-the-Counter Cold Remedy Following Active Pharmacist Recommendation

“…Acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide [1]. As such it represents a significant cost to society.…”

RSV Associated Disease in Hospitalized Children in Southeast Brazil: Higher Frequency in Older Children Than in Infants

“…The major symptoms of upper ARI include nasal stuffiness and discharge, sneezing, sore throat and cough. However, complications such as secondary bacterial infections, mainly acute otitis media and maxillary sinusitis, as well as exacerbations of chronic obstructive airway diseases occur frequently (Wat 2004). In developing countries the etiology of ARI is usually determined on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms.…”