The commissioning of the LHC test string 2

Bordry, F.; Bozzini, D.; Casas‐Cubillos, J.; Cruikshank, P.; Dahlerup-Petersen, K.; Denz, Reiner; Herzog, Robert; Puccio, B.; Rodriguez-Mateos, F.; Saban, R.; Schmidt, R.; Serio, L.

doi:10.1109/pac.2001.987466

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As an illustration, I show in Fig. 16 LHC, which is now running routinely at luminosities above 2 × 10 33 /cm 2 /sec [56]. As of LP11, the ATLAS and CMS experiments had collected over 2.4 fb −1 of data.…”

Section: The Large Hadron Collidermentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of Lepton–Photon 2011

Peskin

2012

Pramana - J Phys

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Section: The Large Hadron Collidermentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of Lepton–Photon 2011

Peskin

2012

Pramana - J Phys

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“…After conducting tests on material samples, CERN has procured from industry and intensively tested prototypes of HTS-based current leads for 13 kA and 0.6 kA, thus enabling us to demonstrate feasibility and performance of this solution, identify potential construction problems, address transient behaviour and control issues, and prepare the way for procurement of series units [14]. FIGURE 7 shows the electrical feedbox equipped with prototype 13 kA and 0.6 kA leads which feeds the LHC Test String [15]. …”

Section: High-temperature Superconductor Current Leadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced superconducting technology for global science: The Large Hadron Collider at CERN

Lebrun

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), presently in construction at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research near Geneva (Switzerland), will be, upon its completion in 2005 and for the next twenty years, the most advanced research instrument of the world's high-energy physics community, providing access to the energy frontier above 1 TeV per elementary constituent. Re-using the 26.7-km circumference tunnel and infrastructure of the past LEP electron-positon collider, operated until 2000, the LHC will make use of advanced superconducting technology -high-field Nb-Ti superconducting magnets operated in superfluid helium and a cryogenic ultra-high vacuum system -to bring into collision intense beams of protons and ions at unprecedented values of center-of-mass energy and luminosity (14 TeV and 10 34 cm -2 .s -1 , respectively with protons). After some ten years of focussed R&D, the LHC components are presently series-built in industry and procured through world-wide collaboration. After briefly recalling the physics goals, performance challenges and design choices of the machine, we describe its major technical systems, with particular emphasis on relevant advances in the key technologies of superconductivity and cryogenics, and report on its construction progress. ABSTRACTThe Large Hadron Collider (LHC), presently in construction at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research near Geneva (Switzerland), will be, upon its completion in 2005 and for the next twenty years, the most advanced research instrument of the world's high-energy physics community, providing access to the energy frontier above 1 TeV per elementary constituent. Re-using the 26.7-km circumference tunnel and infrastructure of the past LEP electron-positon collider, operated until 2000, the LHC will make use of advanced superconducting technology -high-field Nb-Ti superconducting magnets operated in superfluid helium and a cryogenic ultra-high vacuum system -to bring into collision intense beams of protons and ions at unprecedented values of center-ofmass energy and luminosity (14 TeV and 10 34 cm -2 .s -1 , respectively with protons). After some ten years of focussed R&D, the LHC components are presently series-built in industry and procured through world-wide collaboration. After briefly recalling the physics goals, performance challenges and design choices of the machine, we describe its major technical systems, with particular emphasis on relevant advances in the key technologies of superconductivity and cryogenics, and report on its construction progress.

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“…Recently, the thermal performance at 1.9 K of the LHC arc cryostat system was validated in the spring of 2003 on the full scale LHC 107 m long prototype arc cell, the socalled String 2 [7]. The LHC cryostat main constituents (Figure 2) contributing to the static heat load at 1.9 K are the carbon steel vacuum vessels, the Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (GFRE) magnet support posts, the 60 K Thermal Shielding, the Multi Layer Insulation (MLI), and the residual gas conduction and radiation shielding MLI wrapping the 1.9 K magnets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Design and Experimental Validation of the Thermal Performance of the LHC Lattice Cryostats

Bourcey¹,

Capatina²,

Parma³

et al. 2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The recent commissioning and operation of the LHC String 2 have given a first experimental validation of the global thermal performance of the LHC lattice cryostat at nominal cryogenic conditions. The cryostat designed to minimize the heat inleak from ambient temperature, houses under vacuum and thermally protects the cold mass, which contains the LHC twin-aperture superconducting magnets operating at 1.9 K in superfluid helium. Mechanical components linking the cold mass to the vacuum vessel, such as support posts and insulation vacuum barriers are designed with efficient thermalisations for heat interception to minimise heat conduction. Heat inleak by radiation is reduced by employing multilayer insulation (MLI) wrapped around the cold mass and around an aluminium thermal shield cooled to about 60 K. Measurements of the total helium vaporization rate in String 2 gives, after substraction of supplementary heat loads and end effects, an estimate of the total thermal load to a standard LHC cell (107 m) including two Short Straight Sections and six dipole cryomagnets. Temperature sensors installed at critical locations provide a temperature mapping which allows validation of the calculated and estimated thermal performance of the cryostat components, including efficiency of the heat interceptions. ABSTRACTThe recent commissioning and operation of the LHC String 2 have given a first experimental validation of the global thermal performance of the LHC lattice cryostat at nominal cryogenic conditions. The cryostat designed to minimize the heat inleak from ambient temperature, houses under vacuum and thermally protects the cold mass, which contains the LHC twin-aperture superconducting magnets operating at 1.9 K in superfluid helium. Mechanical components linking the cold mass to the vacuum vessel, such as support posts and insulation vacuum barriers are designed with efficient thermalisations for heat interception to minimise heat conduction. Heat inleak by radiation is reduced by employing multilayer insulation (MLI) wrapped around the cold mass and around an aluminium thermal shield cooled to about 60 K.Measurements of the total helium vaporization rate in String 2 gives, after substraction of supplementary heat loads and end effects, an estimate of the total thermal load to a standard LHC cell (107 m) including two Short Straight Sections and six dipole cryomagnets. Temperature sensors installed at critical locations provide a temperature mapping which allows validation of the calculated and estimated thermal performance of the cryostat components, including efficiency of the heat interceptions.

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The commissioning of the LHC test string 2

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Summary of Lepton–Photon 2011

Summary of Lepton–Photon 2011

Advanced superconducting technology for global science: The Large Hadron Collider at CERN

Final Design and Experimental Validation of the Thermal Performance of the LHC Lattice Cryostats

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