The commercialization of transplantation

Tilney, Nicholas L.

doi:10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00202-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It gives one pause to observe the extent to which the outward trappings of science can so easily be turned into occasions for marketing. It has become standard practice to convene so-called all-expenses-paid 'medical conferences' in desirable tourist destinations, which turn out to be elaborate sales presentations for new products, all under the guise of the presentation of research papers (Tilney, 2003). Other more modest perks are free dinners and honoraria given in the guise of 'continuing medical education', liberally sprinkled with promotional presentations (Wazana, 2000;Angell & Relman, 2002;Siegel, 2002).…”

Section: The Feedback Of Ends Upon Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contract Research Organization and the Commercialization of Scientific Research

2005

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The early 1980s constituted a watershed in science, mainly concerning the extent and nature of globalization and commercialization of scientific research, and its impact upon the university. Considerable debate has arisen about the sources of this transition, but aside from a few lone voices, the scholarly literature has neglected the concurrent rise of the contract research organization (CRO) and its role int he commercialization of scientific research. The CRO warrants wider attention as a modern paradigm of privatized science in the biopharmaceutical sector. In discussing the CRO's technologies, the purposes they pursue, and the legal and policy initiatives that have fostered their rapid rise, we confront the wider implications of the modern regime of commercialized science for the future conduct of scientific research. We identify five areas of innovation: treatment of human subjects, control of disclosure, subjection of research tools to commercialization, redefinition of authorship, and re-engineering the goals of research.

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Section: The Feedback Of Ends Upon Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contract Research Organization and the Commercialization of Scientific Research

2005

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“…The worldwide shortage of donor organs has created global commercial opportunities in the international organ trade which, in turn, has become a significant, albeit controversial, international health care policy issue (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). It has prompted many countries to reevaluate the legal framework under which they have regulated, or more often, failed to regulate, organ transplant-related practices (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnocentrism Is an Unacceptable Rationale for Health Care Policy: A Critique of Transplant Tourism Position Statements

Evans

2008

American Journal of Transplantation

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Medical tourism has emerged as a global health care phenomenon, valued at $60 billion worldwide in 2006. Transplant tourism, unlike other more benign forms of medical tourism, has become a flashpoint within the transplant community, underscoring the uneasy relationships among science, religion, politics, ethics and international health care policies concerning the commercialization of transplantation. Numerous professional associations have drafted or issued position statements condemning transplant tourism. Often the criticism is misdirected. The real issue concerns both the source and circumstances surrounding the procurement of donor organs, including commercialization. Unfortunately, many of the position statements circulated to date represent an ethnocentric and decidedly western view of transplantation. As such, the merits of culturally insensitive policy statements issued by otherwise well-intended transplant professionals, and the organizations they represent, must be evaluated within the broader context of foreign relations and diplomacy, as well as cultural and ethical relativity. Having done so, many persons may find themselves reluctant to endorse statements that have produced a misleading social desirability bias, which, to a great extent, has impeded more thoughtful and inclusive deliberations on the issues. Therefore, instead of taking an official position on policy matters concerning the commercial aspects of transplantation, international professional associations should offer culturally respectful guidance.

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Conflict of Interest with Industry and the Challenges for Surgical Education

Schwarze¹

2009

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

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The commercialization of transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

The Contract Research Organization and the Commercialization of Scientific Research

The Contract Research Organization and the Commercialization of Scientific Research

Ethnocentrism Is an Unacceptable Rationale for Health Care Policy: A Critique of Transplant Tourism Position Statements

Conflict of Interest with Industry and the Challenges for Surgical Education

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