The coming of age of ICPC: celebrating the 21st birthday of the International Classification of Primary Care

Soler, Jean-Karl; Okkes, Inge; Wood, Maurice; Lamberts, H

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmn028

Cited by 120 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The ICPC is an empirically designed tool created to classify patient data using the concept of "episodes of care" (Soler et al, 2008). The ICPC was designed by the ICPC working Party and published by WONCA (World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians) in 1987.…”

Section: International Classification Of Primary Care (Icpc) and Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology

Staub

Geck

Weckerle

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

162

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacology focuses on the understanding of local and indigenous use of medicines and therefore an emic approach is inevitable. Often, however, standard biomedical disease classifications are used to describe and analyse local diseases and remedies. Standard classifications might be a valid tool for cross-cultural comparisons and bioprospecting purposes but are not suitable to understand the local perception of disease and use of remedies. Different standard disease classification system exist but their suitability for cross-cultural comparisons of ethnomedical data has never been assessed. Depending on the research focus, (I) ethnomedical, (II) cross-cultural, and (III) bioprospecting, we provide suggestions for the use of specific classification systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyse three different standard biomedical classification systems (the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS); and the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC)), and discuss their value for categorizing diseases of ethnomedical systems and their suitability for cross-cultural research in ethnopharmacology. Moreover, based on the biomedical uses of all approved plant derived biomedical drugs, we propose a biomedical therapy-based classification system as a guide for the discovery of drugs from ethnopharmacological sources. RESULTS: Widely used standards, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) by the WHO and the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS) are either technically challenging due to a categorization system based on clinical examinations, which are usually not possible during field research (ICD) or lack clear biomedical criteria combining disorders and medical effects in an imprecise and confusing way (EBDCS). The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), also accepted by the WHO, has more in common with ethnomedical reality than the ICD or the EBDCS, as the categories are designed according to patient's perceptions and are less influenced by clinical medicine. Since diagnostic tools are not required, medical ethnobotanists and ethnopharmacologists can easily classify reported symptoms and complaints with the ICPC in one of the "chapters" based on 17 body systems, psychological and social problems. Also the biomedical uses of plant-derived drugs are classifiable into 17 broad organ-and therapy-based use-categories but can easily be divided into more specific subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the research focus (I-III) we propose the following classification systems. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could aff...

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Section: International Classification Of Primary Care (Icpc) and Its mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology

Staub

Geck

Weckerle

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…84 EHR versions of the ICPC are available in Europe, but have been used in only a few institutional EHRs in the U.S. ICPC has been cross-walked to ICD-9 and ICD-10. 85,86 The future iteration, ICPC-3, may provide a structure to link the patient's reason for a clinical encounter with the processes of care and clinician assessment, and then aggregate data across series of encounters to capture care over time. Merging the ICPC-3 with more clinically meaningful EHR data from clinicians has the potential to improve our understanding of the content and comprehensiveness of primary care.…”

Section: How Do We Validate a Measure When There Is No Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Comprehensiveness of Primary Care: Challenges and Opportunities

O’Malley

Rich

2015

J GEN INTERN MED

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“…3,5 However, many information systems may not allow EoC coding, or may not allow easy analysis of diagnostic data structured in EoCs even though the datum may be coded. Thus, replicating this study may be challenging in other settings and with other datasets.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) acts as an ordering principle for FM data, allowing for direct comparisons, and also has the appropriate granularity for primary care studies. 3,4 The use of the episode of care (EoC) data model 3,4 allows for increased precision in calculating incidence and prevalence rates. 2,5 In the Transition Project, such data have been collected with ICPC in the Netherlands, Japan, Poland, Malta, Serbia and other countries [6][7][8][9][10] from the daily practice of a cohort of family doctors (FDs) using similar methodology over a period of 1 to 11 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%