The Comet Assay: A Sensitive Genotoxicity Test for the Detection of DNA Damage and Repair

Speit, Günter; Rothfuß, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-998-3_6

Cited by 150 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…When compared to other genotoxicity assessment methods, the comet assay is flexible, requiring only a small amount of sample and cells (Tice et al, 2000). It has also been most adaptable for the detection of various forms of DNA damage including double strand breaks, cross DNA damage and apoptosis (Olive and Banáth, 2006;Speit and Hartmann, 2006).…”

Section: Appropriate In Vivo Follow-up Assay Of Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of food colours and additives: A review

Thomas¹,

Adegoke²

2015

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Majority of consumer goods are required to be presented with good aesthetics in order to improve acceptability in terms of colours and in some instances taste. When related to food, beverages and drug products, additives are usually added to mask un-inviting colours, obscure offensive odours and increase taste. Food additives therefore include colourants, sweeteners, preservatives and anti-caking agents. Admissible daily intake limits are often recommended for these additives. Being food products, the amount consumed over time may be subject to individual preferences and thus negating the desire to regulate and control the amount consumed cumulatively. There have been several concerns about the safety of food additives and several batteries of tests, and reports are available in literature. This review attempted to give an update on reports that have surfaced in literature over recent past on the use and safety of food colours and other additives. Some safety concerns have been related to three determinations; cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and induction or potential of inducing mutagenicity. In order to accomplish these targeted evaluations, several tests have been prescribed by International conference on harmonization (ICH), organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) and European food safety authority (EFSA). It is observed that no single test can give a full proof of safety of these food colours and additives, hence minimal tests are recommended to be carried out in order to guarantee safety of these products. Survey of literature, revealed that once some approved additives or colours become a subject of safety concerns, comprehensive evaluations are carried out by researchers and these have often led to the de-classification of some hitherto reported agents as being non-genotoxic or non-carcinogenic. The declassifications of some food colors and additives as human carcinogens are regularly done following the comprehensive evaluation of results of mutagenicity and genotoxicity tests in vitro and some in vivo tests in mammalian tissues and whole animals. However, such declassifications are often done with caution and the implication is that regular and more comprehensive tests must be carried out. In addition, the requirements of testing for chronic exposures to this and other agents must be emphasized to prevent occurrence of subtle yet terrible side effects resulting from consuming sub-toxic doses of the additives over time.

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Section: Appropriate In Vivo Follow-up Assay Of Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of food colours and additives: A review

Thomas¹,

Adegoke²

2015

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…DNA interstrand crosslinking and DNA breaking was analysed using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay described by Günter Speit [17]. Typically, 5×10 4 cells per well were cultured 24h in a 12-well plate.…”

Section: The Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nimustine Induces DNA Breaks and Crosslinks in NIH/3T3 Cells

Zhao¹,

Chen²,

Zhong³

et al. 2013

IJBBB

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“…The comet assay was performed in accordance with the method described by Speit and Hartmann (1999). A total of 10 6 HTC cells per culture flask were seeded and incubated for 24h.…”

Section: Experimental Protocols and Procedures In The Comet Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulação do efeito mutagênico do benzo[a]pireno e bleomicina por extratos de isoflavonas em células de hepatoma de roedor

Josiane

Tsuboy

Marcarini

et al. 2012

Semin. Cienc. Biol. Saude

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Modulação do efeito mutagênico do benzo[a]pireno e bleomicina por extratos de isoflavonas em células de hepatoma de roedor Modulation of the mutagenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin by isoflavone extracts in a rat hepatoma cell lineEpidemiologic studies show that the intake of foods rich in isoflavones (phytoestrogens), such as soybeans, confers protection against various types of cancer, what increases the scientific and popular interest on these compounds. In the present study, phytoestrogens extracts from soybeans were tested for genotoxic potential and modulatory effects on benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin. Two phytoestrogens were evaluated in vitro, phytoestrogen "A" was supplied by EMBRAPA-Soja, Londrina -PR, and phytoestrogen "B" was purchased in a local drug store. The methods used were the comet assay (genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity) and micronucleus test with cytokinesis block (mutagenicity) in rat hepatoma cells (HTC cell). The isoflavones were tested at three concentrations pre-established by the MTT cytotoxicity assay. Both isoflavone extracts showed no genotoxic effects in the comet assay, but showed induction of micronucleus. In the evaluation of the phytoestrogens for a modulatory effect, both phytoestrogens extracts showed antigenotoxicity in the comet assay.

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The Comet Assay: A Sensitive Genotoxicity Test for the Detection of DNA Damage and Repair

Cited by 150 publications

References 50 publications

Toxicity of food colours and additives: A review

Toxicity of food colours and additives: A review

Nimustine Induces DNA Breaks and Crosslinks in NIH/3T3 Cells

Modulação do efeito mutagênico do benzo[a]pireno e bleomicina por extratos de isoflavonas em células de hepatoma de roedor

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