The combined treatment of Mn and Al alleviates the toxicity of Al or Mn stress alone in barley

Growth and Ethylene Production in Eucalyptus Clones Sensitive to Shoot Blight, Submitted to Hypoxia and High Levels of Manganese

“…The root growth of the sensitive clone was extremely sensitive to hypoxia, presenting a 41 % reduction in growth, independent of the Mn concentration. Thus hypoxia is extremely damaging to the growth of the root system, as observed by other authors (George et al, 2012;Júnior et al, 2015;Muhammad et al, 2016;Shao et al, 2016;Xue et al, 2015). The same effect was not observed in the tolerant clone, supporting the idea that its root system is superior under mild hypoxia.…”

“…These conditions of high temperature are observed practically throughout the whole year (Leite et al, 2014). Muhammad et al (2016) found a differential reduction in the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes (rate of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance), varying according to the genotype (variety), after the addition of toxic doses of Mn. The excess of this micronutrient is extremely damaging to photosynthesis, leading to a reduction in root growth and plant height.…”

“…The same effect was not observed in the tolerant clone, supporting the idea that its root system is superior under mild hypoxia. Additionally, the reduced root growth could be attributed to the elevated concentration of ethylene (Muhammad et al, 2016). In flooded soils, the ethylene produced by the roots stimulates the biosynthesis of auxin (Lynch et al, 2012), when transported to the zone of root growth could inhibit cellular elongation, reducing root growth (Shimamura et al, 2016).…”

Selenium modulates cadmium-induced ultrastructural and metabolic changes in cucumber seedlings

“…3,4 In general, different metals tend to mix in the environment, and the effects of exposure to this mixture can be additive or antagonistic. [5][6][7] Selenium (Se) is an essential element for organisms, while Cd is not; this leads to different accumulations of the two elements in plants. For example, exogenous application of Se could decrease Pb and Cd accumulation in lettuce; moreover, Se could abate Cd accumulation in rice, tobacco and cucumber, [8][9][10][11] and Se protects against metal-(loid)induced toxicity and disease manifestations as well as salt stress.…”

Aluminum in plant: Benefits, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms

“…Such Al-induced mitigation of Mn toxicity was enhanced by reduced Mn uptake in roots and subsequent accumulation in shoots due to changed membrane potential and modified cell membrane binding properties in rice roots (Wang et al, 2015d). Likewise, Muhammad et al (2016) demonstrated that Al-induced antagonistic interaction with Mn and ameliorates Mn toxicity in three genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Moreover, toxic levels of Fe induce oxidative stress via excess production of ROS in plants which facilitate cellular damage and loss of functions (Zahra et al, 2021).…”