The Combined Treatment of Curcumin with Verapamil Ameliorates the Cardiovascular Pathology in a Williams–Beuren Syndrome Mouse Model

Abstract

Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare disorder caused by a recurrent microdeletion with hallmarks of cardiovascular manifestations, mainly supra-valvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). Unfortunately, there is currently no efficient treatment. We investigated the effect of chronic oral treatment with curcumin and verapamil on the cardiovascular phenotype of a murine model of WBS harbouring a similar deletion, CD (complete deletion) mice. We analysed systolic blood pressure in vivo and the histopathology of the ascending aorta and the left ventricular myocardium to determine the effects of treatments and their underlying mechanism. Molecular analysis showed significantly upregulated xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression in the aorta and left ventricular myocardium of CD mice. This overexpression is concomitant with increased levels of nitrated proteins as a result of byproduct-mediated oxidative stress damage, indicating that XOR-generated oxidative stress impacts the pathophysiology of cardiovascular manifestations in WBS. Only the combined therapy of curcumin and verapamil resulted in a significant improvement of cardiovascular parameters via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2) and reduction of XOR and nitrated protein levels. Our data suggested that the inhibition of XOR and oxidative stress damage could help prevent the severe cardiovascular injuries of this disorder.

Dysfunctional Mitochondria in the Cardiac Fibers of a Williams–Beuren Syndrome Mouse Model

“…Consequently, the CD mice showed a slight reduction in their left ventricular ejection fraction [ 24 ]. Recently, we demonstrated that an important source of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system is xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) [ 25 ]. XOR reacts with hypoxanthine forming superoxide (O 2 − ) as a by-product, which damages mitochondria, leading to bioenergetic dysfunction.…”