“…In comparison to other recently published studies and protocols recommending natural approaches, the protocol used herein was similar in many ways including use of dietary factors and supplements (e.g., zinc and vitamin D), concurrent use of oral and IV vitamin C, and botanical herbs with immunomodulatory effects. 100 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 Some ways our protocol deviated from what has been published include administration of IV nutrient therapy in an outpatient setting, exclusion of pharmaceutical medications unless indicated for concurrent infection (e.g., CAP), and use of probiotics. IV nutrient therapy in other studies has largely been reserved for patients who are severely ill, in the ICU, and on FiO2; in contrast, IV nutrient therapy was administered preemptively to those with moderate COVID-19 and risk factors for progression to severe disease.…”