The combined effects of light intensity, temperature, and water potential on wall deposition in regulating hypocotyl elongation of Brassica rapa

Abstract

Hypocotyl elongation is a critical sign of seed germination and seedling growth, and it is regulated by multi-environmental factors. Light, temperature, and water potential are the major environmental stimuli, and their regulatory mechanism on hypocotyl growth has been extensively studied at molecular level. However, the converged point in signaling process of light, temperature, and water potential on modulating hypocotyl elongation is still unclear. In the present study, we found cell wall was the co-target of the three environmental factors in regulating hypocotyl elongation by analyzing the extension kinetics of hypocotyl and the changes in hypocotyl cell wall of Brassica rapa under the combined effects of light intensity, temperature, and water potential. The three environmental factors regulated hypocotyl cell elongation both in isolation and in combination. Cell walls thickened, maintained, or thinned depending on growth conditions and developmental stages during hypocotyl elongation. Further analysis revealed that the imbalance in wall deposition and hypocotyl elongation led to dynamic changes in wall thickness. Low light repressed wall deposition by influencing the accumulation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; high temperature and high water potential had significant effects on pectin accumulation overall. It was concluded that wall deposition was tightly controlled during hypocotyl elongation, and low light, high temperature, and high water potential promoted hypocotyl elongation by repressing wall deposition, especially the deposition of pectin.

The Effect of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on the Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Beet Microgreens Produced in an Indoor System

“…Shade avoidance responses include the elongation of stems and petioles [59]. Additionally, it has been suggested that low light (50 µmol m −2 s −1 , 16 h light) promoted hypocotyl elongation repressed wall deposition by influencing the accumulation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin [60]. Thus, these signals can be detected by microgreens promoting hypocotyl elongation, increasing their height.…”

Tomato UVI4 and CCS52B play important roles in hypocotyl elongation via modulation of cell cycle progression

“…Hypocotyl growth is species-and growth condition-dependent, resulting from cell division and expansion (Gendreau et al, 1997;Raz & Koornneef, 2001;H. Wang & Shang, 2020).…”