The combined effects of high penetration of wind and PV on power system frequency response

Yan, Ruifeng; Saha, Tapan Kumar; Modi, Nilesh; Masood, Nahid‐Al; Mosadeghy, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.044

Cited by 156 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In recent years, photovoltaic elements have been used in SPU in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency and strengthen SPP stability. However, the use of too many solar panels can increase the cost of capital investment and make the power system is unstable due to the uncertainty associated with solar energy [12,13]. In addition, a wide range of studies [14][15][16][17][18][19] found that the use of energy storage systems (ESS) is one of the most effective solutions for quality, reliability and power of SPP and contributes to greater development of efficient energy distribution.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualization of research of power hybrid electric power complexes

Budashko

Glazeva

Samonov

2016

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualization of research of power hybrid electric power complexes

Budashko

Glazeva

Samonov

2016

TAPR

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“…Where the level of wind generation is the highest compared to demand in Australia, and this system has a high penetration level of solar energy [20]. The time-dependent clustering methodology, which has been explained in Chapter 4, is applied to model wind, PV and load data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system has the highest level of wind generation in Australia and also has a high penetration level of solar energy [20]. The time-dependent clustering methodology is applied to model wind, solar power and load data.…”

Section: Impact Of Solar Power On the Reliability Contribution Of Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability impacts of increased wind generation in the Australian national electricity grid

Mosadeghy¹

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Wind power penetration has been consistently growing and it has been rapidly becoming a significant generation technology in many countries. However, the intermittent and variable nature of wind energy is a major barrier in wind power commitment. Wind speed fluctuations and unpredictability can affect the operation and reliability of power systems. Therefore, the impact of integrating large volume of wind generators on the system reliability needs to be carefully investigated and the reliability contributions of wind farms require to be evaluated for better integration of wind energy sources.Because of intermittency and variability of wind energy, conventional reliability evaluation methods are not applicable and different techniques have been developed to model wind generators.However, most of these methods are time-consuming or may not be able to capture time dependency and correlations between renewable resources and load. Therefore, this research intends to improve the existing reliability methods and proposes a faster and simpler approach. In this approach, wind power and electricity demand are being modelled as time-dependent clusters, which not only can capture their time-dependent attributes, but also is able to keep the correlations between the data sets. To illustrate the effectiveness of this framework, the proposed methodology has been applied to the IEEE reliability test system. In addition, the developed technique is validated by comparing results with the sequential Monte Carlo technique.Due to an increase in the wind power penetration level in Australia, this research also investigates the contribution of wind power in the Australian power system from reliability point of view. In order to calculate the reliability contribution of wind power, the proposed framework is implemented on the national electricity market at two different reliability assessment levels: generation and composite system levels. Moreover, the impacts of strategies such as coordinating hydro units with wind farms on the reliability of wind energy are investigated. Similar to wind energy, photovoltaic (PV) penetration level is increasing in the Australian power system, which can affect not only the reliability of the power system, but also the reliability benefit of wind farms.

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“…But this simplified methodology is applicable only for small isolated power systems. The combined effects of high wind and PV penetration on power system frequency response have been investigated in [33,63]. It is reported that a substantial presence of wind and PV in the generation portfolio worsens the frequency response behaviour, especially during low demand periods.…”

Section: Maximum Wind Penetration Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that a substantial presence of wind and PV in the generation portfolio worsens the frequency response behaviour, especially during low demand periods. Frequency deviation following a large contingency could be unacceptable, which causes a significant load shedding [63]. To improve frequency response and for a better management of wind power, several techniques have been proposed.…”

Section: Maximum Wind Penetration Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security assessment due to increased wind generation in a complex power grid

Masood¹

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Wind energy is becoming a major source of generation in many countries because of its zero fuel cost and no air pollution. Due to the integration of large-scale wind power in conventional grids, synchronous generators are being economically replaced. Modern wind turbine generators (WTGs) are based on power electronic interfaces. Hence, unlike synchronous generators, they do not usually provide inertia and governor response. Therefore, from a power system security point of view, wind penetration can be limited by frequency response criteria. Up to now, several methodologies have been proposed to estimate the maximum wind penetration level. However, none of them suggest how a system operator could be immediately informed about a secured wind penetration limit as soon as a generation profile is known. Therefore, a tool to estimate the maximum wind penetration level by maintaining an adequate frequency response is proposed in this thesis. The proposed tool is able to instantly provide the highest margin of wind power that could be dispatched at a particular load condition without violating frequency response constraints.In some power systems, the combined generation capacity of wind and distributed photovoltaic (PV) sources is close to reaching the level of average demands (e.g. South Australia). Under high availability of wind and PV, a few synchronous machines may be required to be committed for frequency regulation and hence the system can be viewed as a low inertia grid. Such a grid could be potentially at risk of experiencing an excessive rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) after a contingency. A high ROCOF may initiate tripping of other synchronous generators. As a result, network frequency response may become more vulnerable and the system may be subject to significant under frequency load shedding (UFLS) or even at risk of a blackout. Furthermore, some existing distributed PV units may have a default under frequency protection setting, which is higher than the UFLS threshold. Hence, a contingency may cause a subsequent trip of those PV units. It may result in an unacceptable low frequency, triggering further load shedding. To explore the above issues, the effects of cascading contingencies triggered by high ROCOF and PV tripping on the frequency response of a low inertia grid are investigated in this thesis. Remedial measures using synchronous condenser and WTG frequency support to prevent the cascading contingencies are also suggested.Any mismatch between load and generation is intended to be balanced by contingency reserve, which is also known as contingency Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) requirement.Load frequency relief (LFR), which represents the effect of frequency dependent loads on power system frequency excursion, is crucial for correctly evaluating contingency FCAS requirement during a generation dispatch to ensure an adequate frequency response. Conventionally, the LFR is iii considered as a fixed quantity during the estimation of frequency response and FCAS requirement.How...

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The combined effects of high penetration of wind and PV on power system frequency response

Cited by 156 publications

References 18 publications

Conceptualization of research of power hybrid electric power complexes

Conceptualization of research of power hybrid electric power complexes

Reliability impacts of increased wind generation in the Australian national electricity grid

Security assessment due to increased wind generation in a complex power grid

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