The combined effects of CO2 concentration and enhanced UV-B radiation on faba bean. 3. Leaf optical properties, pigments, stomatal index and epidermal cell density

Visser, A. J.; Tosserams, M.; Groen, M. W.; Kalis, G.; Kwant, R.; Magendans, G. W. H.; Rozema, J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5718-6_19

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Plants at high altitudes may suffer increased vulnerability to the enhanced UV-B levels as the short and cool growing seasons can delay the development of protective epidermis, cuticles and epicuticular wax (DeLucia et al 1992;Turunen and Latola 2005). As a response to enhanced UV-B in experimental settings, most plant species exhibit a decrease in stomatal density (Dai et al 1995;Visser et al 1997;Keiller and Holmes 2001;Poulson et al 2002;Gitz et al 2005), but increases have also been observed (Stewart and Hoddinott 1993;Kostina et al 2001). According to Nogues et al (1998Nogues et al ( , 1999 the increased UV-B radiation at higher altitudes limits stomatal opening, and hence reduces stomatal conductance.…”

Section: Uv-bmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Kouwenberg

Kürschner

McElwain

2007

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

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Recently, a novel paleoaltimetry method was presented using leaf stomatal frequency response to the decline in CO 2 partial pressure with altitude, and tested on California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) (McElwain 2004). Here, we present new data detailing the infl uence of other climatic variables on leaf stomatal frequency change with altitude in the context of more fully characterizing how stomatal frequencies can be used to infer paleoelevations. A clear increase in stomatal density and stomatal index is observed with increasing elevation for Q. kelloggii (black oak) leaves, and Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (mountain beech) growing over an altitudinal transect on the slope of Mt. Ruapehu (New Zealand). Modern leaves growing in full direct sunlight versus shaded diffuse light for both species show substantial differences in stomatal density and index, however, growth chamber experiments that vary light intensity have revealed that the magnitude of natural increase in radiation with altitude is likely insuffi cient to explain the overall increase in stomatal frequency (density and index) with elevation. Furthermore, temperature does not have a signifi cant infl uence on black oak stomatal frequency in growth chamber experiments. Rather changes in stomatal density and index with altitude appear to refl ect an adaptation to counteract the limited photosynthetic potential due to the CO 2 partial pressure decrease, further limited by shorter growing seasons and/or increased UV radiation. Our review of the uncertainties associated with the stomatal frequency paleoaltimeter from the literature, together with results from the new plant growth experiments indicate that if sea-level paleoatmospheric CO 2 concentration can be well-constrained, the stomatal frequency method has the potential for very low error margins.

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Section: Uv-bmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Kouwenberg

Kürschner

McElwain

2007

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

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“…In general, stomatal density is more strongly affected by environmental factors than is stomatal index, and has been found to be affected for example by ozone (Pääkkönen et al. 1998), UV‐B radiation (Visser et al. 1997), photon flux density (Poole et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slightly higher VPD inside the elevated temperature chambers during the growing season has probably also affected stomatal density. In general, stomatal density is more strongly affected by environmental factors than is stomatal index, and has been found to be affected for example by ozone (Pääkkönen et al 1998), UV-B radiation (Visser et al 1997), photon flux density (Poole et al 1996), drought stress (Pääkkönen et al 1998;Bosabalidis & Kofidis 2002), growth altitude (Hultine & Marshall 2000) and with leaf position in the plant (Poole et al 1996;Lin et al 2001). Stomatal density may also differ between abaxial and adaxial surfaces (Ferris et al 1996(Ferris et al , 2002 and within the tip, centre and base of a leaf (Ferris et al 1996), as was also found in this study.…”

Section: Stomatal Density and Needle Anatomy Were Affected More By Tementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferris et al 1996Ferris et al , 2002Lin, Jach & Ceulemans 2001;Tognetti et al 2001) or increases (e.g. Ferris et al 1996Ferris et al , 2002Visser et al 1997) in stomatal density. In some woody shrubs, the sensitivity of stomatal response to elevated CO 2 declines at concentrations exceeding about 350 m mol mol -1 (Woodward & Kelly 1995;Woodward & Bazzaz 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Luomala

Laitinen

Sutinen

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

141

124

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), at elevated temperature (ambient + 2·8-6·2 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C depending on the time of the year) and in a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature in closed-top chambers. The treatments were started in August 1996. At elevated temperature, the needles that were grown in the first year (i.e. the 1997 cohort) were thinner, had thinner mesophyll in the abaxial side, thinner vascular cylinder and lower stomatal density than those grown at ambient temperature. The proportion of mesophyll area occupied by vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces were not changed. Lower stomatal density apparently did not lead to decreased use of water, as these needles had higher concentrations of less mobile nutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Mn), which could indicate increased total transpiration. In the 1997 and 1998 cohorts, elevation of temperature decreased concentrations of N, P, K, S and Cu. In the 1999 cohort, contradictory, higher concentrations of N and S at elevated temperature may be related to increased nutrient mineralization in the soil. Elevation of CO 2 did not affect stomatal density, needle thickness, thickness of epidermis or hypodermis, vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces. Concentrations of N, P, S and Cu decreased at elevated CO 2 . Reductions were transient and most distinct in the 1997 cohort. The effects of CO 2 and temperature were in some cases interactive, which meant that in the combined treatment stomatal density decreased less than at elevated temperature, and concentrations of nutrients decreased less than expected on the basis of separate treatments, whereas the thickness of the epidermis and hypodermis decreased more than in the separate treatments. In conclusion, alterations in the anatomy and stomatal density of Scots pine needles were more distinct at elevated temperature than at elevated CO 2 . Both elevated CO 2 and temperature-induced changes in nutrient concentrations that partly corresponded to the biochemical and photosynthetic alterations in the same cohorts (

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“…Changes in the anatomy and physiology of plant organs in response to environmental stimuli are well documented (Corré, 1983a; Corré, 1983b; Schoch et al ., 1984; Visser et al ., 1997). Environmental stimuli may be sensed by one organ while a response occurs in another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic irradiance signalling in tobacco

2003

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Summary• We report the influence of a systemic irradiance signal, from mature leaves, on the anatomical characteristics of developing leaves.• A systemic signal of reduced irradiance was induced by growing tobacco ( Nicotiana tabaccum ) plants at high irradiance and then measuring the effect of shading mature leaves on the development of new leaves. The reverse, a systemic signal of increased irradiance was induced by growing plants at low irradiance and then measuring the effect of increasing the irradiance of mature leaves.• Stomatal pore length, stomatal density and index, epidermal cell shape, epidermal cell size and developing leaf size were all influenced by the irradiance signal. These responses were reversible with changing irradiance, except for stomatal pore length.

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The combined effects of CO2 concentration and enhanced UV-B radiation on faba bean. 3. Leaf optical properties, pigments, stomatal index and epidermal cell density

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Systemic irradiance signalling in tobacco

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The combined effects of CO2 concentration and enhanced UV-B radiation on faba bean. 3. Leaf optical properties, pigments, stomatal index and epidermal cell density

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Systemic irradiance signalling in tobacco

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature