The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible

McAllister, Sara; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.022

Cited by 92 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is clearly reflected in the results of Fig. 8, where the different regimes of ignition are qualitatively estimated [25]. The presence of these regimes was also identified when comparing the different non-dimensional terms of the problem governing equations (gas phase ignition section).…”

Section: Lflsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…7. The determination of the critical mass flux of pyrolyzate at ignition provides a way to determine the conditions for ignition of solid combustibles that better reflects the mechanisms controlling the ignition process [10,[23][24][25]. However, this parameter is more difficult to implement for practical purposes.…”

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, as the ambient pressure is reduced, ignition of solid combustible materials exposed to radiant heating will ignite significantly faster both due to faster heating and less pyrolyzate needed for ignition. Recent experimental data show that ignition delays in high elevation locations such as Quito, Ecuador, could be 20 % smaller than at sea level [24,25]. Of course, in addition, ambient pressure will affect the rate of the gas phase reaction (Eq.…”

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of the gas phase reaction and the rate of heat release is however strongly affected by the ambient oxygen concentration. Thus the ignition and eventual flame propagation will be enhanced by an increase in oxygen concentration [8,25]. The mass loss rate at ignition has been observed to decrease as the ambient pressure is reduced (Fig 9) [24].…”

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Fire Ignition

Fernandez‐Pello¹

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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A large number of studies have been conducted on the subject of fuel ignition, reflecting the importance of ignition on the onset of fire. However most of the studies are conducted independently for either gaseous, liquid or solid fuels in spite that flaming ignition occurs in the gas phase for all fuels. In this work an attempt is made to present a unified view of the mechanisms leading to the ignition of fuels. The fact that flaming ignition is a gas phase process and that the combustion process that occurs in the gas phase is basically common for all materials. Consequently the mechanisms leading to gas phase ignition can be viewed as the anchoring mechanism for the ignition of any combustible material. The perceived difference in the ignition of gaseous and liquid or solid fuels is associated with processes related to the material gasification, and with minor differences in the process of gas phase ignition. The objective of this work is to provide a more comprehensive view of the process of ignition of gaseous and condensed fuels leading to a better understanding of the different flammability classifications and tests methods used to characterize ignition of different fuels. The ignition of a gaseous fuel is analyzed first, followed by the analysis of the particular characteristics of the ignition of liquid and solid fuels. Clearly, the differences are mostly of material gasification, either liquid evaporation or solid pyrolysis. Moreover, the different test methods used to determine the ignition characteristics of condensed fuels are based on determining the conditions in the condensed phase associated with the gas phase ignition not with the gas phase ignition itself. Although this approach is sufficient for practical purposes, ignoring the gas phase ignition can lead to incorrect conclusions related to material safety. KEYWORDS: ignition, gas, liquid, solid. NOMENCLATURE LISTING

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Section: Lflsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lflmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Fire Ignition

Fernandez‐Pello¹

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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“…Over the years, these devices have allowed great progress and a better understanding of the physical phenomena occurring when materials burn in well-ventilated conditions. This research has emphasised the significance of factors such as ambient conditions (pressure and humidity) [6][7][8], flow velocity [8][9][10][11], sample orientation [12] and applied irradiance (magnitude and spectral characteristics) [13][14][15]. In spite of the fairly large number of studies, little attention has been paid to the effects of an atmosphere with reduced oxygen (O 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Marquis¹,

Guillaume²,

Camillo³

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The reaction-to-fire of materials is commonly studied with bench scale experiments conducted under controlled test conditions. Two bench-scale instruments commonly used for this purpose are the cone calorimeter and the fire propagation apparatus. Research performed with these test apparatuses on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials has demonstrated the significant effect on the results of test variables such as pressure, irradiance, flow velocity, etc. In spite of the fairly large number of studies, little is known concerning the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials. Recent work in a controlled oxygen environment raises the question of interpretation and accuracy of the results. This paper reports the results of a study to evaluate the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter. The study was performed on a typical thermoplastic material, i.e., a black poly(methyl)methacrylate. The dependence of the results on the experimental fire conditions is presented and discussed. The experiments show that the inlet airflow rate is a major factor to consider when studying the burning behaviour of polymeric materials in an enclosure. It strongly affects the available amount of oxygen that can react and may lead to a misinterpretation of the results when the effects of oxygen are studied.

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Experimental investigation on the effect of ambient pressure on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium‐ion batteries

et al. 2019

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Summary To investigate the impacts of ambient pressure on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium‐ion battery (LIB), experimental measurement and theoretical analysis with serial conditions are conducted at two altitudes. The well‐designed experimental equipment and operating conditions have enabled the accurate evaluation of ambient pressure effects. Results show that the first abrupt temperature change in Hefei (ambient pressure 100.8 kPa) is higher than that in Lhasa (64.3 kPa). The difference in ambient pressure at two altitudes leads to different relief valve crack temperature and time. The average burning rate in Hefei is larger than that in Lhasa, and the estimated pressure effect factor is quite different for detailed pack conditions and varies within the range of 0.083‐1.39. The ambient pressure has a greater effect on the heat release rate and total heat release than the mass loss, and the effective combustion heat under the low pressure is lower than that in normal condition. This work can provide more comprehensive and useful data for the safety management of LIBs at low pressure environments.

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The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

On Fire Ignition

On Fire Ignition

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Experimental investigation on the effect of ambient pressure on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium‐ion batteries

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