The Combined Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Magnesium Ion on Advanced Glycation End Products Formed by Methylglyoxal in Rabbits

Abstract

IntroductionMethylglyoxal (MGO) is a toxic and highly reactive alphaoxoaldehyde produced during glycolysis enhanced in disorders characterized by increased oxidative stress. 1 Methylglyoxal is a somewhat viscous clear yellow liquid with a strong odour. It was discovered first as a critical step in mammalian glucose metabolism. Its discovery in 1913 in plants and microorganisms, MGO has been found in a wide range of meals high in carbohydrates (80%), lipids, and fermented drinks. 2 The production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been linked with diabetes and cancer, with MGO serving as a precursor, keeping a vicious loop. Diabetic hyperglycemia promotes the development of MGO and AGEs, which creates an environment conducive to tumour growth and metastasis. On the one hand, it leads to disease progression and therapeutic resistance, and on the other, chronic diabetes complications. 3 MGO has been shown to promote the production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines, and peroxynitrites. MGO increases oxidative stress by lowering cell antioxidant capacity and detoxification mechanisms. In addition to promoting free radical generation, 4,5 it leads to oxygen poisoning, which affects living cells. Cellular toxicity is enhanced by ROS, superoxide anion radical (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH) like (OH -). 6