The combined dexamethasone/CRH test as a potential surrogate marker in depression

Ising, Marcus; Künzel, Heike; Binder, Elisabeth B.; Nickel, Thomas; Modell, S.; Holsboer, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.03.014

Cited by 246 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Studies reported nonsuppression rates of 27-37% (Avery et al, 1985;Schweizer et al, 1986;Tiller et al, 1988) but failed to show an association with GAD symptoms. Furthermore, more recently the sensitivity of the DST has been brought to question (Heuser et al, 1994;Ising et al, 2005;Watson et al, 2006). Thus, due to methodological limitations at the time these studies were performed we currently have a limited understanding of HPA axis function in GAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Mantella

Butters

Amico

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

186

151

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SummaryAge-associated alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning may make individuals more susceptible to HPA dysregulation in the context of mood and anxiety disorders. Little to no research has been done to examine HPA axis function in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), particularly in late-life GAD, the most prevalent anxiety disorder in the elderly. The study sample consisted of 71 GAD subjects and 40 nonanxious comparison subjects over 60 years of age. We examined the hypotheses that elderly individuals with GAD will have elevated salivary cortisol levels compared to nonanxious subjects, and that elevated cortisol levels in GAD will be associated with measures of symptom severity. We report that late-life GAD is characterized by elevated basal salivary cortisol levels, with higher peak cortisol levels and larger areas under the curve, compared to nonanxious subjects. Additionally, severity of GAD as measured by the GAD Severity Scale and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire are positively correlated with cortisol levels. These data demonstrate HPA axis dysfunction in late-life GAD and suggest the need for additional research on the influence of aging on HPA axis function in mood and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Mantella

Butters

Amico

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

186

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is of interest since chronically stressful situations can be a risk-factor for the onset of major depression (Holsboer, 2000;Brown et al, 2004;Nemeroff and Vale, 2005;Berton and Nestler, 2006). Thus, elevated hormone levels are seen prior to any clinical symptoms in high-risk proband (Ising et al, 2005). Also, the normalization of hormone levels upon treatment predicts for relapse probability (Ribeiro et al, 1993;Zobel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief RU 38486 Treatment Normalizes the Effects of Chronic Stress on Calcium Currents in Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons

Karst

Joëls

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Chronic stress alters many properties in rat brain, like serotonin responsiveness and dendritic morphology. In the present study, we examined (i) whether unpredictable stress during 21 days affects calcium (Ca) currents of CA1 pyramidal neurons recorded on day 22; and (ii) if so, whether this change is normalized by treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor-antagonist RU 38486 during days 18-21. At 3 weeks of unpredictable stress increased the amplitude of the peak and sustained calcium current components, determined in hippocampal slices prepared from animals under rest (ie, with low corticosterone levels). The increased Ca-current amplitude was associated with an enhanced cell capacitance; current density was not significantly affected by chronic stress. In slices from stressed rats that received RU 38486, no stress-induced enhancement of calcium current amplitude was seen, while RU 38486 by itself did not alter calcium currents in handled controls. We confirmed earlier observations that brief in vitro treatment with 100 nM corticosterone, thus substantially activating the low-affinity glucocorticoid receptors, increases Ca-current amplitude recorded 1-4 h later in slices from naïve rats. However, Ca-current amplitude was not affected by corticosterone applied to slices from handled controls and currents were even decreased by corticosterone given to slices from chronically stressed rats, suggesting that corticosterone effects depend on the history of the animal. In conclusion, the data indicate that chronic stress, RU 38486 treatment as well as acute rises in corticosterone level strongly modulate calcium influx into CA1 neurons. This could have consequences for the viability of these neurons.

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“…There are a number of promising vulnerability markers of depression. Biological markers include response to pharmacological challenges such as the dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone (DEX-CRH) test (Ising et al, 2005) and response to acute tryptophan depletion (Moreno, Henninger, McGahuey, & Delgado, 2000). Promising psychological vulnerability markers include cognitive reactivity (Segal, Gemar, & Williams, 1999), rumination (Kuehner & Weber, 1999), and information-processing indices (Elliott, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and serotonergic vulnerability to depression: Convergent findings.

Booij¹,

Does²

2007

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Cognitive reactivity (CR) is a psychological vulnerability marker of depression, whereas response to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a serotonergic challenge procedure) is a biological vulnerability marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these markers. Thirty-nine remitted depressed patients participated in 2 ATD sessions in a double-blind crossover design. CR, assessed prior to the ATD sessions, predicted depressive response to high-dose ATD. CR also diminished the effects of 2 known predictors of ATD response: gender and residual symptoms. Neuroticism and behavioral inhibition were unrelated to ATD response. CR is associated with an increased sensitivity to reductions of serotonin concentrations. These findings present a small step toward unifying cognitive and neurobiological theories of depression.

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The combined dexamethasone/CRH test as a potential surrogate marker in depression

Cited by 246 publications

References 60 publications

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Brief RU 38486 Treatment Normalizes the Effects of Chronic Stress on Calcium Currents in Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons

Cognitive and serotonergic vulnerability to depression: Convergent findings.

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