The combined corticotropin-releasing hormone/lysine vasopressin test discloses a corticotroph phenotype.

Bertagna, Xavier; Coste, Joël; Raux-Demay, Marie-Charles; Letrait, Muriel; Strauch, G

doi:10.1210/jcem.79.2.8045953

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Genetic or acquired individual characteristics could explain the variable HPA tone (Bertagna et al, 1994;Huizenga et al, 1998a). On the other hand, a difference in cortisol metabolism could be involved because the plasma metabolic clearance (MCR) of cortisol is increased in obese subjects (Strain et al, 1980(Strain et al, , 1982.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat distribution in obese women is associated with subtle alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids

Duclos

Gatta

Corcuff

et al. 2001

Clinical Endocrinology

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These data demonstrate differences in the HPA axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids between obese women differing in their body fat distribution, with both enhanced negative and positive feedback in those with abdominal obesity. Several mechanisms may explain these differences: central vs. peripheral hypotheses. Thus, abdominal obesity does not appear to be linked solely to one pathophysiological hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat distribution in obese women is associated with subtle alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids

Duclos

Gatta

Corcuff

et al. 2001

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…This probably indicates the need to extend such studies to larger groups of individuals, including healthy overweight and obese subjects to investigate all characteristics of low-responsive vs. high-responsive subjects. It should not, in fact, be forgotten that the HPA axis response to CRH plus lysine vasopressin (24) and ACTH (25) stimulation also varies markedly from one individual to the next in relation to various factors, including genetic background (24), time of day (25), and possibly other unidentified mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis to High-Protein/Fat and High-Carbohydrate Meals in Women with Different Obesity Phenotypes

Vicennati

Ceroni

Gagliardi

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Subjects with abdominal obesity are characterized by hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Food intake, particularly at noon, is a well-known inducer of HPA axis activation. Whether obese subjects present an abnormal response to meals containing different macronutrient proportions is at present unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of a high-lipid/protein meal (HLP-meal) and a high-carbohydrate meal (HCHO-meal) on the HPA axis activity in women with different obesity phenotypes. Nondepressed, noncomplicated obese (body mass index greater than 28 kg/m(2)) women with abdominal (A-BFD) (n = 10) and peripheral body fat distribution (P-BFD) (n = 9) and a group of 11 normal-weight controls were investigated in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. They were randomly given an 800-kcal HCHO-meal (containing 89% carbohydrates, 11% proteins, 0% lipids), and an 800-kcal HLP-meal (containing 53% lipids, 43% proteins, 4% carbohydrates), which were eaten within 15 min at noon, with an interval of 2 d between each meal. Blood samples for ACTH, cortisol, glucose, and insulin were obtained at 15-min intervals before and after each meal. Baseline hormone and glucose concentrations in the three groups were similar. After the HLP-meal, ACTH tended to similarly but insignificantly increase in all groups, whereas cortisol increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the P-BFD group and insignificantly in the other groups. Conversely, both ACTH and cortisol significantly (P < 0.05) increased only in the A-BFD group, without any significant changes in both controls and P-BFD women. The analysis of the interaction between meals and groups clearly indicated that the cortisol response to the HLP-meal and the HCHO-meal was significantly different (P < 0.025) between the two obese groups, the A-BFD group being characterized by a significantly lower response to the HLP-meal and a significantly higher response to the HCHO-meal, compared with the P-BFD group. Considering all groups together and after adjusting for body mass index, a highly significant relationship was found between cortisol-area under the curve and ACTH-area under the curve after each meal test. However, no relationships were found between changes in ACTH and cortisol and those of glucose, insulin, and the glucose:insulin ratio after each meal. Therefore, our data demonstrate that the response of the HPA axis to meals containing different macronutrient proportions may depend on the pattern of body fat distribution. We also suggest that the activation of the HPA axis following the ingestion of large amounts of carbohydrates may have some pathophysiological relevance, specifically in women with the abdominal obesity phenotype.

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“…Most studies have reported only the central effects of centrally administered CRH or the stim ulation of the pituitary corticotrope cells -outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) -after the peripheral adminis tration of CRH [3,4,[10][11][12][13]. Few papers deal with the possible central effects of peripherally administered CRH or the peripheral effects of centrally administered CRH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectional Specific and Modulated Brain to Blood Transport of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

Martins

Kastin

Banks³

1996

Neuroendocrinology

102

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is produced and acts both within the central nervous system and at several peripheral sites. However, it is not known whether CRH is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in either direction, or whether the central and peripheral compartments are independent. We studied the transport across the BBB of both human/rat CRH (hCRH) and ovine CRH (oCRH) using the native peptides labeled with ¹²⁵I at the histidine residue, thereby avoiding the use of other synthetic modifications. No apparent transport of either hCRH or oCRH into the brain from blood was found, as measured by multiple-time regression analysis after intravenous injection of the labeled peptides. There were no significant differences between the two forms of the CRH peptide. However, both hCRH and oCRH were rapidly transported out of the brain after intracerebroventricular injection, with half-time (t½) disappearances of 11.1 (hCRH) and 15.1 min (oCRH); the transport rate was significantly different for the human and ovine forms. The transport of hCRH could be specifically inhibited by 5 nmol of unlabeled hCRH (t½ = 17.7 min) but not by the same dose of the synthetic analog αCRH_12–41. The process could also be inhibited by pretreatment with aluminum chloride (t½ = 18.8 min). An indirect influence of the endogenous opiate modulating peptide Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂ 5 nmol) was apparent by a change in the initial distribution within the brain. In conclusion, there is a specific unidirectional brain to blood transport system for CRH. This transport system in the mouse has a greater affinity for the human/rat than for the ovine form of the peptide, is inhibited by hCRH itself, and can be disrupted by pretreatment with aluminum. By facilitating the rapid clearance of central CRH, this transport system could be involved in the regulation of central CRH levels and could allow central CRH to reach the general circulation and act at peripheral sites.

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The combined corticotropin-releasing hormone/lysine vasopressin test discloses a corticotroph phenotype.

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Fat distribution in obese women is associated with subtle alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids

Fat distribution in obese women is associated with subtle alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids

Response of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis to High-Protein/Fat and High-Carbohydrate Meals in Women with Different Obesity Phenotypes

Unidirectional Specific and Modulated Brain to Blood Transport of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

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