The combined CO2/DOC test - a new method to determine the biodegradability of organic compounds

Strotmann, Uwe J.; Schwarz, H; Pagga, Udo

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)00415-q

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If the inoculum is directly withdrawn from the WWTP treating the industrial wastewater to be tested, instead of using the “weak” inoculum from a WWTP treating predominantly municipal wastewater, the results obtained are very realistic. It should be noted that currently no inherent test using the endpoint of CO 2 -evolution has been standardized, although this approach has been followed in several publications (Norr et al 2001 , Strotmann et al 1995 , Gartiser et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The media used in ISO and OECD tests have on average a phosphate concentration of only 3.7 mM, resulting in rather poor buffering properties. In a combined test system (Strotmann et al 1995 ), the phosphate content was raised up to 25.1 mM to enable stable buffering properties in the range of pH 7.0, which is needed for biodegradation processes. Such high phosphate concentrations and buffering capabilities are unlikely to take place in waters under natural conditions, but they are necessary to enable a stable CO 2 release in test systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several devices remain in the research stage but could constitute a good basis for industrial development. Strotmann et al ( 1995 , 2004 ) pioneered the design of two families of systems. A combination of different indirect parameters such as the carbon dioxide production and the removal of DOC in a combined DOC/CO 2 test system (CTS) offers many advantages (Strotmann et al 1995 , Gartiser, 2017 , Gartiser, 2022 , Norr et al 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward the future of OECD/ISO biodegradability testing-new approaches and developments

Strotmann

Thouand

Pagga³

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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In the past decades, industrial and scientific communities have developed a complex standardized system (e.g., OECD, ISO, CEN) to evaluate the biodegradability of chemical substances. This system includes for OECD three levels of testing (ready and inherent biodegradability tests, simulation tests). It was adopted by many countries and is completely integrated into European legislation (registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals, REACH). Nevertheless, the different tests have certain deficiencies, and the question arises of how accurately these tests display the situation in the real environment and how the results can be used for predictions. This review will focus on the technical advantages and weaknesses of current tests concerning the technical setup, the inoculum characterization, and its biodegradation potential as well as the use of adequate reference compounds. A special focus of the article will be on combined test systems offering enhanced possibilities to predict biodegradation. The properties of microbial inocula are critically discussed, and a new concept concerning the biodegradation adaptation potential (BAP) of inocula is proposed. Furthermore, a probability model and different in silico QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships) models to predict biodegradation from chemical structures are reviewed. Another focus lies on the biodegradation of difficult single compounds and mixtures of chemicals like UVCBs (unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials) which will be an important challenge for the forthcoming decades. Key points • There are many technical points to be improved in OECD/ISO biodegradation tests • The proper characterization of inocula is a crucial point in biodegradation tests • Combined biodegradation test systems offer extended possibilities for biodegradation tests

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward the future of OECD/ISO biodegradability testing-new approaches and developments

Strotmann

Thouand

Pagga³

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…the rate at which microorganisms take up dissolved oxygen (00) from the soil liquid. This can be done directly by measuring 00 (chemically and electrochemically) or indirectly by measuring gaseous oxygen (manometric, volumetric, and paramagnetic methods) [13,14,15]. The principle ofomanometric oxygen determination is based upon oxygen being consumed by organisms vvh.ile C(l:2 is formed at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bioremediation of oil-polluted soil using the respirometric oxitop® method.

Selberg

Tenno

2019

Eco-Tech

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Bioremediation includes natural processes to degrade harmful compounds in theenvironment. The goal in bioremediation is to stimulate microorganisms with differentadditives that will activate them to destroy the contaminants. Respirometry methods havebeen used to assess the microbial activity of soil but a few respirational studies have beenperformed with surfactants.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of surfactants and adsorbents onoil-contaminanted soil respirational activity. The measurement of oxygen consumption isused to evaluate the enhancement of the bioremediation of polluted soil by surfactantsand adsorbents. Selected surfactants were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Saponine andemulsifying agent SR-100. In the present study the respirometric OxiTop® system wasused to measure the oxygen consumption of the soil by adding the different surfactants.The rates of oxygen consumption were calculated from respiration data.The measurements of respiration showed that the maximum initial rate of oxygenconsumption of soil was 4.39 mg 02 kg -1 h -1 at the water content of9% (w/w ). SR-100addition showed the highest initial rate of oxygen consumption - 18.61 mg 02 kg ·1 h -1•The medium rate of oxygen consumption of the oil contaminated soil for five days washalf of the initial rate. The mixtures of soil and the adsorbents had lower respirationalactivity, even when solutions of the surfactants were added. The highest initial rates ofoxygen consumption of soil were 4.24 mg Oi kg -1 h -1 ( Saponine solution was added) and13.00 mg 02 kg"1 h"1 (SR-100 solution was added) for the hydrophobic and hydrophilicadrorbents, respectively. For the mixture of soil and adsorbent the longer lag-period forthe activation of oxygen consumption occurred by the adding of surfactants.

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“…During the past few years, much effort has been put forth to develop standardized analytical protocols (i.e., Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD, Paris, France], International Organization for Standardization [ISO, Geneva, Switzerland], and Comité Européen de Normalisation [CEN, Brussels, Belgium]) that guarantee the safety of industrial products and processes and the protection and control of wastewater treatment plants ( CORDIS, 2000 ). Many of those bioassays use activated sludge (AS) as the biological reference material for the study of biodegradability ( Pagga, 1997 ; Strotmann et al, 1995 ) and toxicity ( Pagga and Strotmann, 1999 ; Strotmann and Pagga, 1996 ; Strotmann et al, 1994 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Microbial Communities for a Metabolic Profile Similar to Activated Sludge

Sm¹,

Mc²,

Tenreiro³

et al. 2007

Water Environment Research

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To search for reliable testing inocula alternatives to activated sludge cultures, several model microbial consortia were compared with activated sludge populations for their functional diversity. The evaluation of the metabolic potential of these mixed inocula was performed using the Biolog EcoPlates and GN and GP MicroPlates (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, California). The community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs) obtained for model communities and activated sludge samples were analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchic clustering methods, to evaluate the ability of Biolog plates to distinguish among the different microbial communities. The effect of different inocula preparation methodologies on the community structure was also studied. The CLPPs obtained with EcoPlates and GN MicroPlates showed that EcoPlates are suitable to screen communities with a metabolic profile similar to activated sludge. New, well-defined, standardized, and safe inocula presenting the same metabolic community profile as activated sludge were selected and can be tested as surrogate cultures in activated-sludge-based bioassays. Water Environ. Res., 79, 536 (2007).

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The combined CO2/DOC test - a new method to determine the biodegradability of organic compounds

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Toward the future of OECD/ISO biodegradability testing-new approaches and developments

Toward the future of OECD/ISO biodegradability testing-new approaches and developments

Evaluation of bioremediation of oil-polluted soil using the respirometric oxitop® method.

Assessing Microbial Communities for a Metabolic Profile Similar to Activated Sludge

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