The combined approach of strain discovery and the inbred line technique for improving control of Delia radicum with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Sharifi-Far, Shahram; Shapiro‐Ilan, David I.; Brownbridge, Michael; Hallett, Rebecca H.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.12.004

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A potential drawback of our grower-based approach is strain deterioration due to repeated subculturing (which is a potential issue for all production systems). This problem can be avoided if the growers use inoculum obtained from inbred lines ( Sharifi-Far et al 2018) and avoid “cheaters” (nematodes that rely on others for virulence) due to overinoculation ( Shapiro- Ilan and Raymond 2016). Future research should test the EPNs produced with this new method in the field and monitor long-term production using this method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sustainable grower-based method for entomopathogenic nematode production

Oliveira-Hofman,

Steffan,

Shapiro-Ilan

2023

Journal of Insect Science

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Entomopathogenic nematodes in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, produced through in vitro or in vivo methods, are effective insect biological control agents. In vivo production yields good-quality nematodes, but the costs associated with obtaining insects and labor make this production system have a low economy of scale. Conceivably, if growers can produce their own nematodes, then the cost could be reduced. Grower-based production systems described to-date are not sustainable because they rely on outside sources to obtain or calibrate inoculum. Here, we describe a self-sufficient grower-based system where the grower can produce in-house nematodes after obtaining the initial inoculum from a reliable source. We validated our approach in 2 experiments comparing in vivo nematode production from standard White traps and a grower-based approach using polyacrylamide gel. For both tested species, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, the grower-based approach produced equal to or more nematodes than the standard method. For example, when comparing the average yield of S. carpocapsae-infective juveniles per Galleria mellonella cadaver (n = 30), the standard White trap method produced 159,114 ± 9,669, whereas the grower-based approach produced 244,029 ± 16,241. The sustainable system described herein has promise for wide adoption by growers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sustainable grower-based method for entomopathogenic nematode production

Oliveira-Hofman,

Steffan,

Shapiro-Ilan

2023

Journal of Insect Science

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“…Surely, combining more than one genetic improvement technique has evidenced powerful mechanisms for enhancing EPN performance. Sharifi-Far et al [82] used a combination of the discovery of natural EPN populations and selection of superior inbred lines to enhance cold tolerance and the effectiveness of H. bacteriophora against Delia radicwn (the cabbage maggot). Selecting the most favorable lines from a homozygous group of inbred lines can be a robust method to develop EPN products with superior and stable useful traits [61,82].…”

Section: Current Epn Genetic Techniques To Optimize Insect-epn Intera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Entomopathogenic Nematode Genetics and Applications for the Integrated Management of Horticultural Pests

Abd-Elgawad

2023

Horticulturae

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can kill and recycle in their host populations, which bodes well for EPNs’ exploitation in long-term and safe pest management. However, EPNs’ cost and efficacy need transformational technology to supplant less expensive and more effective but toxic/unhealthy pesticides. A technology that allows for the significant uptake of commercial EPNs should both boost their market suitability and provide genetic improvements. This review provides brief overviews of EPNs’ biology and ecology from the standpoint of pest/pathogen management as a prerequisite for EPN improvements. Understanding the biology and ecology of EPNs, particularly their symbiotic relationships with bacteria, is crucial to their effective use in pest management. This review provides relevant insights into EPN-symbiotic bacteria and the EPN–symbiont complex. The symbiotic relationship between EPNs and bacteria plays a key role in IPM, providing unique advantages. Either of them can be included in mechanisms underlying the various positive sides of plant–insect interactions in emerging integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Recent approaches, in which EPNs can act additively or synergistically with other production inputs in IPM programs, are discussed for further expansion. The simultaneous favorable effects of EPNs and/or their mutualistic bacteria on several pest/pathogen species of crops should be identified. Merits, such as the rapid killing of insect pests, ease of EPN/the symbiont’s mass production and a broad host range, are presented in order to widely disseminate the conditions under which EPN usage can offer a cost-effective and/or value-added technique for IPM. To maximize the effectiveness of EPNs in IPM, various genetic improvement techniques are being explored. Such techniques, along with their merits/demerits and related tools, are reviewed to optimize the common biocontrol usage of EPNs. Examples of genetic improvements to EPNs that allow for their use in transformational technology, such as a cost-effective application technique, increased infectivity, and toleration of unfavorable settings, are given. Proper production practices and genetic techniques should be applied carefully to avoid undesirable results; it is suggested that these are considered on a case-by-case basis. This will enable us to optimize EPN performance based on the given variables.

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“…To avoid deterioration of biocontrol traits (e.g., environmental tolerance, virulence, reproductive capacity) during repeated culturing in laboratory or commercial settings (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2018), strains can be stabilized through cryopreservation or creation of single or multiple purebred homozygous lines that are impervious to trait changes (Bai et al, 2005;Anbesse et al, 2013). The use of selected homozygous lines can lead to improved stabilization as well as enhanced pest control efficacy (Sharifi-Far et al, 2018).…”

Section: Strain Improvement and Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Sustainable Food Production

Koppenhöfer

Shapiro‐Ilan

Hiltpold

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The emphasis of this review is on the use and potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biological control agents in sustainable food production across a wide range of agricultural and other commodities. To aid with the understanding of the potential of EPNs in sustainable food production, this review also provides overviews on EPN biology and ecology, mass production and application technology, and interactions with other management tools. First discovered in the 1920s, their commercialization as biopesticides in the 1980s was accompanied and followed by an exponential growth in research on their application, biology, and ecology, followed by a further expansion in more basic research areas since the mid-2000s. This review summarizes significant progress made in the research and application of EPN in insect pest management in important food crops including orchards, small fruit, maize, vegetables, tuber crops, greenhouses, and mushrooms. Significant factors affecting the success of EPN commercialization are also discussed. A growing interest in alternatives to synthetic insecticides and in organic agriculture opens opportunities for EPNs, but EPNs will need to be further improved with respect to efficacy, reduced costs, and ease of use. Moreover, their potential to recycle in host populations beckons to be further exploited for long term pest suppression.

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The combined approach of strain discovery and the inbred line technique for improving control of Delia radicum with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

A sustainable grower-based method for entomopathogenic nematode production

A sustainable grower-based method for entomopathogenic nematode production

Optimizing Entomopathogenic Nematode Genetics and Applications for the Integrated Management of Horticultural Pests

Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Sustainable Food Production

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