The Combined Action of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, and SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED101 Promotes Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defenses to Limit <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Makandar, Ragiba; Nalam, Vamsi J.; Chowdhury, Zulkarnain; Sarowar, Sujon; Klossner, Guy; Lee, Hyeonju; Burdan, Dehlia; Trick, Harold N.; Gobbato, Enrico; Parker, Jane E.; Shah, Jyoti

doi:10.1094/mpmi-04-15-0079-r

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This situation corresponds precisely to the common SAR response described in other plants infected by fungal pathogens. In A. thaliana infected by Fusarium graminearum , proteins EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 act in a complex that promotes SA accumulation and, therefore, SA‐mediated defence, limiting infection by the pathogen (Makandar et al, ). In this complex, EDS1 is essential to recognize pathogens through R proteins and, consequently, triggers resistance at pathogen infection foci (Feys, Moisan, Newman, & Parker, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi

Perdiguero

Sobrino-Plata

Venturas

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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Wilt diseases caused by vascular pathogens include some of the most damaging stresses affecting trees. Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, destroyed most of North American and European elm populations in the 20th century. The highly susceptible English elm, also known as Atinian clone, suffered the highest mortality rates during the last pandemic event, probably due to its lack of genetic diversity. To study the DED pathosystem, we inoculated English elm ramets with O. novo-ulmi and evaluated xylem anatomy, molecular response, and disease symptoms. The high DED susceptibility of the clone was linked to xylem structure. The transcript levels changed significantly for 1,696 genes during O. novo-ulmi invasion.Genes covering different steps of the plant immune system were identified, many of which showed homology with Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in systemic acquired resistance.Induction of several pathogenesis-related proteins and repression of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins and other cell wall biosynthesis pathways evidence unbalanced costs between growth and defence mechanisms far from the inoculation point. This study sheds light on elm molecular defence mechanisms against DED. KEYWORDSDutch elm disease, microarrays, plant immune system, systemic acquired resistance, Ulmus minor, vascular pathogen | INTRODUCTIONTrees are exposed to many instances of environmental interaction and stress throughout their life cycle. These include pests and diseases that can cause dramatic mortality events in forests and loss of foundation species and iconic trees (e.g., Ellison et al., 2005). Diseases affecting tree vascular systems are usually very harmful due to the crucial role of these tissues in transporting water, nutrients, hormones, and other compounds. Dutch elm disease (DED) is a vascular wilt disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Ophiostoma ulmi planted in a research plot at Puerta de Hierro Forest Breeding Centre (Madrid, Spain; 40.456238 N, 3.751823 W) These observations were performed at sampling times (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 dpi) and at 28, 60, and 120 dpi. | Characterization of anatomical structureAnatomical parameters were measured in two control ramets. Two additional ramets inoculated with the pathogen were sampled to visualize xylem responses to infection by O. novo-ulmi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi

Perdiguero

Sobrino-Plata

Venturas

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…PDF1.2 is a marker gene for the jasmonate/ethylene-dependent (JA/ET) defence responses (Thomma et al, 1998), whereas PR1 is a marker for salicylate-dependent defence responses (Delaney et al, 1994). PAD4 also functions in the salicylic acid signalling pathway, and constitutive expression of PAD4 can enhance FHB resistance in both Arabidopsis and wheat (Makandar et al, 2015). WRKY18 encodes a pathogen-induced transcription factor, and overexpression of WRKY18 has been found to enhance resistance to F. graminearum (Makandar et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Dfgvps35 Mutants Have Reduced Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde trafficking from the endosome to the trans‐Golgi network mediated by the retromer is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

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SummaryIn eukaryotes, the retromer is an endosome-localized complex involved in protein retrograde transport. However, the role of such intracellular trafficking events in pathogenic fungal development and pathogenicity remains unclear.The role of the retromer complex in Fusarium graminearum was investigated using cell biological and genetic methods.We observed the retromer core component FgVps35 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35) in the cytoplasm as fast-moving puncta. FgVps35-GFP co-localized with both early and late endosomes, and associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN), suggesting that FgVps35 functions at the donor endosome membrane to mediate TGN trafficking. Disruption of microtubules with nocodazole significantly restricted the transportation of FgVps35-GFP and resulted in severe germination and growth defects. Mutation of FgVPS35 not only mimicked growth defects induced by pharmacological treatment, but also affected conidiation, ascospore formation and pathogenicity. Using yeast two-hybrid assays, we determined the interactions among FgVps35, FgVps26, FgVps29, FgVps17 and FgVps5 which are analogous to the yeast retromer complex components. Deletion of any one of these genes resulted in similar phenotypic defects to those of the DFgvps35 mutant and disrupted the stability of the complex.Overall, our results provide the first clear evidence of linkage between the retrograde transport mediated by the retromer complex and virulence in F. graminearum.

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“…PTI overlaps with ETI signalling with the activation of such genes as those involved in the MAPK cascade ( MKK4 , MEKK1 , MKK1 and MPK4 ) and WRKY transcription factors (Pandey and Somssich, ). EDS1, PAD4 and SAG101 proteins that mediate the SA‐signalling result in PR (pathogenesis related) and NPR (nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related genes 1) induced transcription (Makandar et al ., ). Using Genevestigator, we show that those genes have higher transcription after differential treatment with flg22 (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Temporary heat stress suppresses PAMP‐triggered immunity and resistance to bacteria in Arabidopsis thaliana

Janda

Lamparová

Zubíková

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Recognition of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is crucial for plant defence against pathogen attack. The best characterized PAMP is flg22, a 22 amino acid conserved peptide from flagellin protein. In Arabidopsis thaliana, flg22 is recognized by the flagellin sensing 2 (FLS2) receptor. In this study, we focused on biotic stress responses triggered by flg22 after exposure to temporary heat stress (HS). It is important to study the reactions of plants to multiple stress conditions because plants are often exposed simultaneously to a combination of both abiotic and biotic stresses. Transient early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a well‐characterized response to PAMP recognition. We demonstrate the strong reduction of flg22‐induced ROS production in A. thaliana after HS treatment. In addition, a decrease in FLS2 transcription and a decrease of the FLS2 presence at the plasma membrane are shown after HS. In summary, our data show the strong inhibitory effect of HS on flg22‐triggered events in A. thaliana . Subsequently, temporary HS strongly decreases the resistance of A. thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae . We propose that short exposure to high temperature is a crucial abiotic stress factor that suppresses PAMP‐triggered immunity, which subsequently leads to the higher susceptibility of plants to pathogens.

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The Combined Action of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, and SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED101 Promotes Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defenses to Limit Fusarium graminearum Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 29 publications

References 56 publications

Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi

Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi

Retrograde trafficking from the endosome to the trans‐Golgi network mediated by the retromer is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

Temporary heat stress suppresses PAMP‐triggered immunity and resistance to bacteria in Arabidopsis thaliana

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