The combination of residue quality, residue placement and soil mineral N content drives C and N dynamics by modifying N availability to microbial decomposers

Chaves, Bruno; Redin, Marciel; Giacomini, Sandro José; Schmatz, Raquel; Léonard, Joël; Ferchaud, Fabien; Recous, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108434

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hairy vetch raised MBC, PMC, and PMN compared with CC or at least NC before cover crops were killed, and PMN was higher in HV after termination as well (Figure 2). The MBN stimulated by the low C/N HV prekill was likely subject to rapid turnover and release as PMN in our incubations (Chaves et al, 2021;Sainju et al, 2003). Microbial turnover has been shown to occur in as little as 18 d in agricultural soils (Cheng, 2009), which would explain the lack of species effect at the midseason sampling time on these parameters (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Legume cover crop type and termination method effects on labile soil carbon and nitrogen and aggregation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growers use cover crops to provide nutrients for crops and build soil organic matter (SOM). Termination methods may alter the effects of cover crops on soil labile C and N. We examined how two cover crops and three termination methods affected soil microbes, soil aggregates, and C and N pools in an organic grain system. We compared crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) (CC), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV), and a control together with disking, mowing, or a roller-crimper for effects on hot-water-extractable carbohydrates, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable C and N, and aggregation (quantified by mean weight diameter [MWD]). Disking comprised flail mowing plots and then cultivating. Roller-crimping occurred via a roller with blades. Vetch soil contained 14% higher MBC than no cover crop pretermination, possibly because of enhanced rhizodeposition. Planting CC resulted in 44% higher MBC than no cover crop a week after termination, likely due to its higher biomass C/N ratio. Disking decreased MWD relative to flail mowing in no cover crop soils at 4 wk after termination across both years at 0-to-5-cm depth. In addition, MWD was lower under CC than under no cover crop for both the flail mowed and roller-crimped treatments at 4 wk after termination across both years from 0 to 5 cm. This is possibly due to enhanced desiccation of the soil in bare plots after termination. Our results indicate that quantity and quality of biomass of different legume species, rather than termination methods, dominated effects on labile C.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Legume cover crop type and termination method effects on labile soil carbon and nitrogen and aggregation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, SON stock decrease in this rotation is probably associated with the soil N enrichment and increased potential loss that characterize rotations with a high soybean cropping frequency (Plaza-Bonilla et al 2015). Nitrogen enrichment can be related to the novel N input from biological fixation of legumes and to the high turnover of leguminous residues due to their low C/N ratio and higher soil/residue contact compared to maize (Chaves et al 2021). Soil N enrichment after soybean harvest can be used by the succeeding cover crop or may be lost into the air or water (Della Chiesa et al 2019;Nemecek et al 2008).…”

Section: Effect Of Mixtures Of Cover Crops On Soil Organic Fractions ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop mixtures increase ecosystem multifunctionality in summer crop rotations with low N fertilization

Restovich

Andriulo

Portela

2022

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cropping diversification with cover crop mixtures combined with low N fertilization represents an ecological alternative that may promote sustainability. Our objective was to evaluate changes on soil organic fractions and structure, cover crop biomass, and main crop yield 5 years after the introduction of two cover crop mixtures, oats+forage radish (CC1) and oats+forage radish+vetch (CC2), in a soybean-soybean and maize-soybean sequence with low N fertilization of maize. After 5 years, the soil from sequences with cover crops had higher concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) (23.3 vs 20.1 g kg −1 ), soil organic nitrogen (SON) (2.4 vs 2.0 g kg −1 ), and particulate organic carbon (POC) (4.4 vs 2.9 g kg −1 ) at 0-5 cm depth than the controls without cover crops, in association with C input from cover crops aboveground biomass, which averaged 2.2 and 3.0 Mg ha −1 year −1 for CC1 and CC2, respectively. Soil aggregation at 0-5 cm depth was more stable with than without cover crops (33.4 vs 16.4%), and it was positively related to SOC (R 2 = 0.44, p < 0.01) and POC (R 2 = 0.50, p < 0.01) concentrations. Soil from CC2 had a higher proportion of macropores and mesopores over 300 μm than soil from CC1 and the controls without cover crops at 0-5 and 10-30 cm depth, respectively. Maize yield was affected by rainfall: it was similar among treatments in dry growing seasons (<5.0 Mg ha −1 ) and higher in CC2 and the control without cover crops than in CC1 in more humid seasons (9.2 vs 7.9 Mg ha −1 ). Soybean yield was similar among treatments except after dry cover crop growing seasons, when control treatments yielded more than cover crop treatments (3.4 vs 2.8 Mg ha −1 ). This study demonstrates that summer crop sequences with cover crop mixtures increase ecosystem multifunctionality and that including vetch in the mixture increases its production potential and benefits, especially in the soybean-soybean sequence.

show abstract

“…Decomposition and consequent transfer of carbon from plant residues (left on the surface or incorporated into the soil) to soil organic matter (SOM) is strongly influenced by N and organic compounds (mainly lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose) contents (Berg, 2014;Santos et al, 2014;Chaves et al, 2021). Consequently, the use of legume and non-legume plants as cover crops in succession or associated with other crops (Cocktails or Mix) may contribute differently to the formation and stabilization of SOM (Ghimire et al, 2019;Davi et al, 2022;Silva et al, 2022a) and should be considered in the definition of managements that aim to increase C stocks in soil (Bayer and Mielniczuk, 1997;Silva et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined legume and non-legume residues management improve soil organic matter on an Oxisol in Brazil

Silva¹,

Filho²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2022

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in production systems on tropical soils is necessary to guide strategies to increase SOM formation. This study aimed to evaluate soil carbon (C) dynamics by combining applications of different plant residues used on tropical soils. An incubation study was carried out with and without adding millet (Pennisetum americanum) residues combined with six crop residues (legumes and non-legumes); and one additional treatment with only millet residue. Higher C-CO 2 fluxes recorded in jack bean, sunflower and velvet bean residues were correlated with high soluble compound contents (49.5, 49.6 and 32.1 %, respectively). Adding millet residues resulted in positive PE for all residue combinations. Soils without millet, except jack bean, had a negative PE. Residues application promoted four times increase in C-POM content (from 1.04 to 4.2 g kg -1 soil). The C-MAOM content had 2.4 times increase, being more expressive due to its high initial content (from 15.3 to 37.3 g kg -1 soil). The comparison between the final C contents in the SOM fractions showed a significant increase of 8.8 times for MAOM in relation to POM, demonstrating the larger dimension of this C reservoir in the soil. Both combinations of legumes + non-legumes and non-legume + non-legume contributed significantly to the conversion of C to MAOM. The results give insight into possible management strategies for significant C increments in the more stable SOM fractions, depending on the residue type (quality) and residue combination.

show abstract

The combination of residue quality, residue placement and soil mineral N content drives C and N dynamics by modifying N availability to microbial decomposers

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Legume cover crop type and termination method effects on labile soil carbon and nitrogen and aggregation

Legume cover crop type and termination method effects on labile soil carbon and nitrogen and aggregation

Cover crop mixtures increase ecosystem multifunctionality in summer crop rotations with low N fertilization

Combined legume and non-legume residues management improve soil organic matter on an Oxisol in Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About