The combination of 2% 4-hydroxyanisole (Mequinol) and 0.01% tretinoin is effective in improving the appearance of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions in two double-blind multicenter clinical studies

Fleischer, Alan B.; Schwartzel, Edmund H.; Colby, Susan; Altman, David J.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90219-6

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Long-term safety of the triple combination was confirmed in a 12-month extension of the previously reported 8-week trial (Torok et al, 2005). A combination treatment containing monomethyl ether of 2% hydroquinone (4-hydroxyanisole) and tretinoin 0.01% improved actinic lentigo (Fleischer et al, 2000;Ortonne et al, 2004). The addition of 2% kojic acid in a gel containing 10% glycolic acid plus 2% hydroquinone determined complete clearance of diffuse melasma in 60% percent of patients compared to 47 % of those receiving gel without kojic acid (Lim, 1999).…”

Section: Combination Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects

Solano¹,

Briganti²,

Picardo³

et al. 2006

Pigment Cell Research

616

524

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SummaryAn overview of agents causing hypopigmentation in human skin is presented. The review is organized to put forward groups of biological and chemical agents. Their mechanisms of action cover (i) tyrosinase inhibition, maturation and enhancement of its degradation; (ii) Mitf inhibition; (iii) downregulation of MC1R activity; (iv) interference with melanosome maturation and transfer; (v) melanocyte loss, desquamation and chemical peeling. Tyrosinase inhibition is the most common approach to achieve skin hypopigmentation as this enzyme catalyses the rate-limiting step of pigmentation. Despite the large number of tyrosinase inhibitors in vitro, only a few are able to induce effects in clinical trials. The gap between in-vitro and in-vivo studies suggests that innovative strategies are needed for validating their efficacy and safety. Successful treatments need the combination of two or more agents acting on different mechanisms to achieve a synergistic effect. In addition to tyrosinase inhibition, other parameters related to cytotoxicity, solubility, cutaneous absorption, penetration and stability of the agents should be considered. The screening test system is also very important as keratinocytes play an active role in modulating melanogenesis within melanocytes. Mammalian skin or at least keratinocytes/melanocytes co-cultures should be preferred rather than pure melanocyte cultures or soluble tyrosinase.

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Section: Combination Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects

Solano¹,

Briganti²,

Picardo³

et al. 2006

Pigment Cell Research

616

524

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…35 Patients were required to have at least 5 solar lentigines on the forearm or back of the hand and 5 lesions on the face. One lesion on the face and arm had to be 5 mm or larger.…”

Section: Mequinol (4ha)/tretinoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of solar lentigines

Ortonne

Pandya

Lui

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

120

106

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“…For the treatment of solar lentigines, a topical combination of 2% mequinol and 0Á01% tretinoin solution was well tolerated and superior to either active component and vehicle, 70 and in another study, it was found to be superior to hydroquinone 3% for solar lentigines on the forearm and similar efficacy for facial lesions. 71 This combination has also resulted in complete clearance in four of five men with melasma at 12 weeks with all patients maintaining improvement at 16 weeks.…”

Section: Mequinolmentioning

confidence: 92%

Facial hyperpigmentation: causes and treatment

2013

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SummaryBy midcentury, the U.S.A. will be more ethnically and racially diverse. Skin of colour will soon constitute nearly one-half of the U.S. population, and a full understanding of skin conditions that affect this group is of great importance. Structural and functional differences in the skin, as well as the influence of cultural practices, produce variances in skin disease and presentation based on skin type. In the skin of colour population, dyschromia is a growing concern, and a top chief complaint when patients present to the physician. A thorough understanding of the aetiology and management strategies of facial hyperpigmentation is of importance in caring for those afflicted and also in the development of new therapies.What's already known about this topic?• In the skin of colour population, facial hyperpigmentation is a common and growing concern when presenting to the physician.• Facial hyperpigmentation can cause significant cosmetic disfigurement with subsequent emotional impact. Therapy continues to be challenging as there is no universally effective treatment. Existing agents have varying degrees of efficacy and potential risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with different treatment protocols.What does this study add?• Persons of colour will soon comprise a majority of the international and domestic populations.• A comprehensive knowledge and approach to assessment and treatment is necessary to care properly for skin of colour patients.• This review thoroughly discusses aetiologies of facial hyperpigmentation and categorizes appropriate treatment strategies.Skin of colour, also known as ethnic skin, constitutes a wide range of racial and ethnic groups traditionally referring to persons of African, Asian, Native American, Middle Eastern and Hispanic backgrounds. By 2050, nearly one-half of the U.S. population will be nonwhite.1 These skin types are generally categorized as Fitzpatrick types IV-VI, and are more richly pigmented. Structural and functional differences in the skin, as well as the influence of cultural practices, produce variances in skin disease, presentation and treatment based on skin type. Darker skin phenotypes are characterized by higher content of melanin, higher eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, and more effective distribution of melanin for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 2In skin of colour, the amount and epidermal distribution of melanin is an important biological feature.

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The combination of 2% 4-hydroxyanisole (Mequinol) and 0.01% tretinoin is effective in improving the appearance of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions in two double-blind multicenter clinical studies

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects

Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects

Treatment of solar lentigines

Facial hyperpigmentation: causes and treatment

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