The color changes and tensile properties of oxidized Ti–6A1–2Mo–1.5Cr–2Zr–2Sn–2Nb alloy

Jia, Zhixu; Zeng, Weidong; Yao-wu, Zhang; Shi, Chunling; Quan, Biao; Wu, Jianding

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.227

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that the color presented by titanium base alloy does not depend exclusively on the thickness of the titanium oxide layer formed during the heat treatment but also on the type and concentration of the oxide formed on the alloy surface [22,23]. It was observed the preferential formation of certain types of titanium oxides, such as TiO, TiO2 and Ti2O3, after heat treatment at 450oC to 750oC [15]. The analyze of type of oxide on the endodontic instruments was not objective of the present work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The color presented by the NiTi alloy after the heat treatment may be important as indicative of the characteristics and mechanical properties expected of an endodontic instrument confectioned from that alloy. In different areas, such as aerospace and naval, the color presented by an alloy after heating is used for quality control and estimation of mechanical properties [15,16]. Similarly, in endodontics, it should be possible to estimate the mechanical properties of a NiTi endodontic instrument from its color, since it is related to the heat treatment to which it was submitted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to improving the mechanical properties, heat treatment promotes changes in the superficial layer of the NiTi alloy, leading to color changes [15]. The superficial layer is composed mainly of titanium oxide (TiO) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superficial layer is composed mainly of titanium oxide (TiO) [16]. The temperature, time and rate of heating and cooling used in the heat treatment have a direct influence on the characteristics of the titanium oxide layer, resulting in variations in color [15,16]. Vortex Blue (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Protaper Gold (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) are commercially available examples of NiTi files that have different colors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

Almeida

Elias

2020

RGO, Rev. Gaúch. Odontol.

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of heat treatment at different temperatures on the color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Methods Thirty-six nickel-titanium K-file endodontic instruments were divided into six groups and submitted to heat treatment at several temperatures between 450ºC and 750ºC. The color was visually observed. Cantilever-bending tests were performed to measure the flexibility of the instruments. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc comparisons. Results It was observed that the color becomes darker as the heating temperature increases. The flexibility is significantly higher after the heat treatment (P < 0.05). Instruments treated at 650ºC and 750ºC had higher flexibility than those treated at lower temperatures (450ºC, 500ºC and 550ºC) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Heat treatment has a significant effect on the surface color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. The highest flexibility was observed in instruments heated at 650ºC and 750ºC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

Almeida

Elias

2020

RGO, Rev. Gaúch. Odontol.

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“…Recently, a variety of studies investigated the effect of thermomechanical treatment [13], and oxidation treatment [14] on fatigue behavior of TC21 Ti-alloy [15]. However, detailed examination of the effect of heat treatment processes on wear behavior and tensile properties are rarely reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Treatment Processes on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of TC21 Titanium Alloy

Elshaer¹,

Ibrahim²,

Barakat³

et al. 2017

OJMetal

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The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties as well as wear behavior on TC21 (Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-3Mo-1Cr-2Nb-Si, wt.%) Ti-alloy was investigated. The samples were solution treated at 900˚C for 15 min followed by furnace cooling to 800˚C with a cooling rate 1˚C/min and holding for 20 min, then the samples cooled down to room temperature either using water quenching (WQ) or air cooling (AC). Consequently, aging treatment was applied at 575˚C for 4 hr. The microstructure feature showed a secondary α phase (α s ) precipitated in residual β phase due to the step cooling from 900˚C to 800˚C inside furnace as well as the aging treatment. The highest wear rate was obtained for WQ samples due to increasing in volume fraction of α p (58%). However, the lowest wear rate was reported for WQ + Aging samples due to the high hardness. Optimum mechanical properties of the studied TC21 Ti-alloy were obtained for AC + Aging condition. A better combination of hardness, tensile properties, and wear resistance was achieved for AC + Aging samples, although their wear resistance was found to be slightly lower than that of WQ + Aging samples.

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Effect of oxygen content in local shielding atmosphere on cladding quality of Ti6Al4V during annular laser metal deposition

Zhang

Wang

Cao

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In annular laser metal deposition (ALMD), Ti6Al4V alloy is sensitive to oxygen. In this research, a coaxial double-layer shielding gas nozzle was used to provide a local inert gas atmosphere. The in uence of the oxygen concentration in local shield on the cladding quality was evaluated regarding the appearance, chemical composition, microhardness, microstructure and phase constituent. The results show that the surface discoloration of cladding layer is related to oxygen contamination level. When the oxygen level in the local atmosphere is below about 1000 ppm, a shiny silver surface of the clad can be achieved, and the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the deposited material is below those allowable for ASTM Grade 5. In addition, as the oxygen concentration decreases, the microhardness of the samples decreases gradually, and microstructural characteristics experiences a change from the blocky plate α' martensite within the coarse prior β-grain boundary to the acicular α' martensite within the ne β-grain boundary. Highlights 1. Ti6Al4V layers deposited by ALMD in a local inert atmosphere are reported.2. The oxygen level in a local shield with various gas ow rates is evaluated.3. In uence of oxygen content in local shield on the cladding quality is investigated. 4. Allowable concentrations for ASTM Grade 5 can be obtained at a lower oxygen level.

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The color changes and tensile properties of oxidized Ti–6A1–2Mo–1.5Cr–2Zr–2Sn–2Nb alloy

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

Effect of Heat Treatment Processes on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of TC21 Titanium Alloy

Effect of oxygen content in local shielding atmosphere on cladding quality of Ti6Al4V during annular laser metal deposition

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