The colonization of pyrethroid resistant strain from wild Anopheles sinensis , the major Asian malaria vector

Zhu, Guoding; HuaYun, Zhou; Li, Julin; Tang, Jianxia; Bai, Liang; Wang, Weiming; Gu, Yaping; Liu, Yaobao; Lü, Feng; Cao, Y Y; Zhang, Chao; Xu, Sui; Cao, Jun; Gao, Qi

doi:10.1186/preaccept-1591329101137455

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…, P. malariae, and P. vivax ) were detected every year during the 2011–2014 period. Ovale and malariae malaria cases increased overall during the study period, increasing the potential risk of re-introducing malaria in Jiangsu Province, an area with historically stable malaria transmission [18]. Vivax and falciparum malaria outbreaks have been reported in non-endemic areas in 2005 and 2007, respectively [24, 25] and pose a major challenge for Jiangsu Province to maintain zero incidence of locally transmitted malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vivax and falciparum malaria outbreaks have been reported in non-endemic areas in 2005 and 2007, respectively [24, 25] and pose a major challenge for Jiangsu Province to maintain zero incidence of locally transmitted malaria. Given that the transmitting vectors A. sinensis and A. anthropophagus are present, as well as having a suitable climate [17, 18], the potential for local transmission in Jiangsu remains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annual rainfall in Jiangsu is 1000.4 mm, mainly concentrated from June to September (malaria transmission season). The climate and environment is suitable for the breeding of Anopheles , including Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus [17, 18].

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The increasing importance of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in Jiangsu Province, China, 2011–2014

Cao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundFollowing initiation of China’s National Malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010, indigenous malaria infections in Jiangsu Province decreased significantly. Meanwhile imported Plasmodium infections have increased substantially, particularly Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. Given the risk for malaria resurgence, there is an urgent need to understand the increase in imported P. ovale and P. malariae infections as China works to achieve national malaria elimination.MethodsAn observational study of imported malaria cases in Jiangsu Province, China was carried out for the period of 2011–2014.ResultsA total of 1268 malaria cases were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2014. Although imported Plasmodium falciparum cases (n = 1058) accounted for 83.4 % of all reported cases in Jiangsu, P. ovale cases (14, 19, 30, and 46) and their proportion (3.7, 9.6, 8.8, and 13.0 %) of all malaria cases increased over the 4 years. Similarly, P. malariae cases (seven, two, nine, and 10) and proportion (1.9, 1.0, 2.6, and 2.8 %) of all malaria cases increased slightly during this time. A total of 98 cases of Plasmodium ovale curtisi (47/98, 48 %) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (51/98, 52 %) were identified as well. Latency periods were significant among these Plasmodium infections (p = 0.00). Also, this study found that the latency periods of P. ovale sp., P. malariae and Plasmodium vivax were significantly longer than P. falciparum. However, for both P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri infections, the latency period analysis was not significant (p = 0.81). Misdiagnosis of both P. ovale and P. malariae was greater than 71.5 and 71.4 %, respectively. The P. ovale cases were misdiagnosed as P. falciparum (35 cases, 32.1 %), P. vivax (43 cases, 39.4 %) by lower levels of CDCs or hospitals. And, the P. malariae cases were misdiagnosed as P. falciparum (ten cases, 35.7 %), P. vivax (nine cases, 32.1 %) and P. ovale sp. (one case, 3.6 %). Geographic distribution of imported P. ovale sp. and P. malariae cases in Jiangsu Province mainly originated from sub-Saharan Africa such as Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Angola.ConclusionsAlthough the vast majority of imported malaria cases were due to P. falciparum, the increase in other rare Plasmodium species originating from sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia should be closely monitored at all levels of health providers focusing on diagnosis and treatment of malaria. In addition to a receptive vector environment, long latency periods and misdiagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale sp. increase the risk of re-introduction of malaria in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The increasing importance of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in Jiangsu Province, China, 2011–2014

Cao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2016

Malar J

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“…Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus are the main mosquito vectors, and the climate and environment is suitable for the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes. 11 There are a total of 13 prefectural cities and 100 counties in Jiangsu Province.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Elimination in China: Improving County-Level Malaria Personnel Knowledge of the 1-3-7 Strategy through Tabletop Exercises

Cao

Cotter

Wang

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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As China moves to the prevention of reestablishment of malaria, maintaining skills for malaria in county personnel on the "1-3-7" surveillance and response strategy is critical. China's "1-3-7" strategy defines targets used to guide and monitor malaria case reporting, investigation, and response, respectively: reporting of malaria cases within 1 day, their confirmation and investigation within 3 days, and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days. Assessing the knowledge of local CDC malaria personnel on the "1-3-7" surveillance and response strategy is urgently needed. In June 2016, two different training modules (classroom-style teaching and tabletop exercises) were conducted for 125 CDC staff in Jiangsu Province, China, to determine the effectiveness of the two training modules on CDC staff knowledge and learning of the "1-3-7" strategy. The classroom-style training module just imparted the malaria knowledge to participants through teaching. Tabletop exercises were carried out through discussion-based scenarios using questions and answers on the "1-3-7" strategy. Questionnaires assessing knowledge improvement were designed and administered to personnel responsible for malaria surveillance and response activities, including at baseline and end line. Overall, knowledge of the "1-3-7" strategy for malaria elimination was 63.2% correct at baseline, 70.6% after implementing a classroom-style teaching module (χ 2 = 11.20, P = 0.001), and 84.6% after the tabletop exercise module (χ 2 = 48.82, P < 0.001). The knowledge of each component of the "1-3-7" strategy improved significantly after the tabletop exercise module. The total proportion of respondents with a high score (greater than or equal to 75%) was 82.7% in the classroom-style module and 95.2% in the tabletop exercise module. The proportion of respondents with a high score significantly increased after tabletop exercises in the stratified demographic groups of men who work at the county CDC level, have a bachelor's degree, hold a professional title as professor or assistant, are aged 31-50 years, and have attained 11-20 years of service with the CDC compared with the classroom-style module. Acceptability of the classroom-style module (78.2%) compared with tabletop exercises (94.4%) by the CDC malaria personnel increased significantly (χ 2 = 11.96, P = 0.004). Feedback from participants on the modules suggest the tabletop exercises were an effective training method, which could maintain and improve the knowledge and capacity for malaria surveillance and response in basic CDC level personnel in China.

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“…[ 6 – 8 ]. Increased attention has been paid to this species because of its wide geographic distribution, high density and modest susceptibility to malaria [ 9 , 10 ].Recently, vivax malaria has re-emerged in the areas where An . sinensis was the main vector in central China and Korea [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of Detoxification Supergene Families in the Mosquito Anopheles sinensis

et al. 2015

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Anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in China and other Southeast Asian countries, and the emergence of insecticide resistance in this mosquito poses a serious threat to the efficacy of malaria control programs. The recently published An. sinensis genome and transcriptome provide an opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Analysis of the An. sinensis genome revealed 174 detoxification genes, including 93 cytochrome P450s (P450s), 31 glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and 50 choline/carboxylesterases (CCEs). The gene number was similar to that in An. gambiae, but represented a decrease of 29% and 42% compared with Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. The considerable contraction in gene number in Anopheles mosquitoes mainly occurred in two detoxification supergene families, P450s and CCEs. The available An. sinensis transcriptome was also re-analyzed to further identify key resistance-associated detoxification genes. Among 174 detoxification genes, 124 (71%) were detected. Several candidate genes overexpressed in a deltamethrin-resistant strain (DR-strain) were identified as belonging to the CYP4 or CYP6 family of P450s and the Delta GST class. These generated data provide a basis for identifying the resistance-associated genes of An. sinensis at the molecular level.

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The colonization of pyrethroid resistant strain from wild Anopheles sinensis , the major Asian malaria vector

Abstract: We colonised a pyrethroid-resistant population of An. sinensis in the laboratory, which provides a fundamental model for genetic studies of this important malaria vector.

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The increasing importance of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in Jiangsu Province, China, 2011–2014

The increasing importance of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in Jiangsu Province, China, 2011–2014

Malaria Elimination in China: Improving County-Level Malaria Personnel Knowledge of the 1-3-7 Strategy through Tabletop Exercises

Genomic Analysis of Detoxification Supergene Families in the Mosquito Anopheles sinensis

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