The Colombian peace negotiations and the invisibility of the ‘no’ vote in the 2016 referendum

“Fests of Vests”: The Politics of Participation in Neoliberal Peacebuilding in Colombia

“…2021; Mendes et al. 2020). The 310‐page Agreement is inspired by a view of peacebuilding that is not just limited to ending armed confrontation but aims to transform the conflict and overcome all forms of violence (Bermúdez Liévano 2018).…”

Unveiling Inclusion in Peace Negotiations Through the Concept of Political Representation: Women and the Havana Dialogues Between the Colombian Government and the Farc-Ep (2012-2016)

“…The triumph of the government's option for a plebiscite 141 and the shocking defeat of the agreements by a slim margin 142 have been extensively discussed since October 2016 (Crisis Group 2017, GSUM 2016c, Mendes et al 2020, Dávalos et al 2018, Branton et al 2019, Gómez-Suárez 2017, Liendo & Braithwaite 2018, Matanock & García-Sánchez 2017. All the different explanations for the fate of the plebiscite aside, the results showed that there was no running from internal political dynamics.…”

“…There was also an emphasis throughout the negotiations that the conflict's victims would be placed at the center of their efforts. The indirect inclusion initiatives observed throughout the process are now largely seen by experts as successful and innovative given the closed character of the talks (Herbolzheimer 2016, Maldonado 2017, Koopman 2020, Salvesen & Nylander 2017, Mendes et al 2020, and they can be attributed not only to the spaces formally stipulated by the table but also to the pressure exerted by civil society organizations and social movements.…”

“…At the same time that the government was intent on searching for a "Colombian solution" to the conflict, it could not forego international support and recognition, which would prove key politically and financially in the post-conflict scenario. In this sense, the peace process was also part of a larger reconstruction of Colombia's international imagefrom troubled, violent country to economic and diplomatic promise (Borda & Gómez 2015, Mendes et al 2020, Viana 2017. This tense balance between not wanting external interference and wanting to abide by international norms is clearly expressed in the parties' approach to human rights international law, especially when it came to drawing up a transitional justice system (Borda & Gutiérrez 2018, Hoffmann & Ribeiro Hoffmann 2018, and their ambiguous observation of the international norm of inclusivity in peacemaking.…”

A Colonialidade Da Paz: (Re) Pensando O Processo De Paz Na Colômbia (2012-2016) a Partir Das Lutas Indígenas Por Participação

“…Conforme já argumentamos, essa categoria serviu para a limitação e confinamento das formas de participação e tipos de reivindicações considerados relevantes, de acordo com o que fora pré-estabelecido em Havana (MENDES; SIMAN;FERNÁNDEZ, 2019, p. 6-7;RODRÍGUEZ, 2018, p. 170). Quaisquer reivindicações divergentes, que fugissem desse escopo, acabaram sendo marginalizadas ao longo do processo de 'inclusão' (CHAGAS-BASTOS, 2018, p. 6-7;MENDES, 2020, p. 20).…”