The ‘collateral impact’ of pupil behaviour and geographically concentrated socio‐economic disadvantage

David, Alex Hugh

doi:10.1080/01425691003700508

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…OFSTED, the UK's school inspection authority, report that PRUs are undermined by negative stereotyping (OFSTED, 2009) and recognise many of the difficulties faced. Nevertheless, governments have been found to ignore the 'collateral impact' on learning and attainment of bringing a group of behaviourally challenged children together (David, 2010) and have set targets for pupils' academic performance that many mainstream schools could not achieve (Cole, 2015). In response, government ministers look to poor teaching as the main cause of academic failure and express the view that 'most local authority-run pupil referral units are not up to snuff' (Vasager and Shepherd, 2011).…”

Section: Research Context: Structural Toxicities and The Pupil Referral Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relational work of compassion and toxicity at a pupil referral unit

Bolton

Laaser

2021

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This article contributes to the literature on compassion in organisations by exploring, through the sociology of relational work, how compassion emerges against the backdrop of what is described as structural toxicity; that is, structures, policies and practices that create the material stage upon which compassion may, or may not, materialise. Underfunding, social deprivation and draconian performance measures are all examples of structural toxicities that may trigger relational toxicity, that is conflict, suffering and disconnection at work but also where compassion may emerge in various forms. It is against this backdrop that we seek to address the conceptual and empirical gap in current understandings of compassion in organisations. Theorising from the empirical field, a case is presented in which compassion emerges as a product of the ongoing relational work of teachers in response to structural toxicities that trigger repeated instances of emotional pain and suffering but also joy and engagement with their work and each other.

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Section: Research Context: Structural Toxicities and The Pupil Referral Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relational work of compassion and toxicity at a pupil referral unit

Bolton

Laaser

2021

Organization

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“…The extent of saccadic eye movements might indicate that the complexity of the scene has increased (Kahneman and Wright, 1971). Generally, the greater the mental effort, the greater the pupil diameter (David, 2010). It is widely accepted that humans possess limited capacity as information processors and that human performance is a function of task demands (Kahneman et al, 1968;David, 2010).…”

Section: Mental Effort In Front Of the Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the greater the mental effort, the greater the pupil diameter (David, 2010). It is widely accepted that humans possess limited capacity as information processors and that human performance is a function of task demands (Kahneman et al, 1968;David, 2010). Thus, it is expected that: H3.…”

Section: Mental Effort In Front Of the Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze behaviour in front-of-shelf orientation

Ladeira

Santini

Jardim

2019

IJRDM

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Purpose This study was predicated on gaze behaviour in front-of-shelf orientation. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of the presence (absence) of competing brands on consumer attention in front-of-shelf orientation. The effects on visual attention investigated on the shelf were eye scan path of the total available area, information acquisition in extremities and mental effort. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were performed using eye-tracking technology. The first study was conducted in a closed and static environment. The second study was performed in an open and dynamic environment. In these studies, the authors used, as an independent variable, the arrangement of brands on shelves (presence vs absence of competing) and evaluated the variations in the visual attention through three dependent variables: eye scan path of the total available area, information acquisition in extremities and mental effort. Findings Three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis confirmed that scenarios of competitive brands are rather composed of natural complex scenes, so there is a greater number of eye fixations needed to identify and locate objects. In addition, the second hypothesis demonstrated that, in scenarios of competitive brands, there is an acceleration of information acquisitions causing an increase in peripheral vision at the ends of the shelf. Finally, the third hypothesis demonstrated that the presence of a greater attention effort in the scenario of competing brands was verified, since the mental effort variables (revisiting the shelf, noting and re-examining) were greater than in the scenario of non-competing brands. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study may be associated with the absence of top-down factors and a lack of results associated with evaluation and verification phases. Originality/value Gaze behaviour is susceptible to the information derived from the absence and presence of competing brands.

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“…If peer skills do make a difference to children's progress, composition according to children's income-level is potentially important, given that differences by family socio-economic status in children's abilities and behaviours occur across countries (although their extent varies, depending on context and outcome) (Bradbury et al 2015;David, 2010;Duncan and Magnuson 2005). In England, children who are eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) in reception class of primary school do significantly less well on average in teacher assessments at the end of that year: 56% of children in receipt of FSM achieved a 'good level of development', compared to 72% of other children (DfE, 2017; the measure is discussed further below).…”

Section: Evidence On Peer Composition and Children's Development Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

The peer composition of pre-school settings in England and early recorded attainment among low-income children

Stewart

Campbell

Gambaro

2019

British Journal of Sociology of Education

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We would like to thank the Nuffield Foundation for funding this research. The Nuffield Foundation is an endowed charitable trust that aims to improve social well-being in the widest sense. It funds research and innovation in education and social policy and also works to build capacity in education, science and social science research. The Nuffield Foundation has funded this project, but the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Foundation. More information is available at www.nuffieldfoundation.org. Many thanks also to the Department for Education for use of the National Pupil Database (NPD), and to the NPD Requests Team, for facilitating access. Lastly, we would like to thank colleagues in the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, our project advisory group, and two anonymous reviewers, for helpful comments and suggestions.

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The ‘collateral impact’ of pupil behaviour and geographically concentrated socio‐economic disadvantage

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The relational work of compassion and toxicity at a pupil referral unit

The relational work of compassion and toxicity at a pupil referral unit

Gaze behaviour in front-of-shelf orientation

The peer composition of pre-school settings in England and early recorded attainment among low-income children

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