“…If the lung cannot be brought to the chest wall [which is the objective of tube thoracostomy, rib resection and decortication), the chest wall must be brought to the lung (or the mediastinum if no lung exists) 1,7 . In 1985, Hopkins and Co-workers 6 reviewed their experience with thoracoplasty and included in their indications for the procedure attempts to close persistent pleural spaces with and without infection and bronchial fistulae, both post-resection and in association with post pneumonic pleural suppuration.…”