The Coliform Group

Geldreich, Edwin E.; Clark, Harold F.; Kabler, Paul W.; Huff, C. B.; Bordner, Robert H.

doi:10.1128/aem.6.5.347-348.1958

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…For type 2 ports and coastal areas, typical ranges for total coliform bacteria ranged from "0" to approximately 180 MPN g À1 d.w., thus including values up to 40 MPN g À1 d.w as reported in Pianetti et al for Gabicce and Baia Flaminia coastal sediments (Pesaro, Italy). 15 Faecal coliform bacteria, including mostly E. coli but also Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella, 29 were mostly associated with relatively closed environments, such as big commercial ports (environmental type 1) and port channels in brackish water (environmental type 4) and possessed a high anthropogenic impact due both to urban effluents and large vessels. In these cases, the typical range was approximately 0-130 MPN g À1 d.w, one and two orders of magnitude larger than that of coastal areas and type 2 ports, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal microbial quality of surface sediments in different environments along the Italian coast

Chiaretti

Onorati

Borrello

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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In order to improve sediment handling following dredging operations, this study aims to statistically derive ranges of distribution for certain microbiological parameters, according to four environmental types inspired by Italian legislation on seaports: ports of international/national importance, ports of regional importance, port channels in brackish environments, and marine coastal areas. A national database was developed using microbiological data from technical reports available at the Italian Ministry of Environment and National Institute of Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) for the period 1990-2008. The parameters considered were total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, enterococci, sulfite-reducing clostridia (SRC), total bacterial counts at 22 °C and at 37 °C, and fungi. The data were statistically analyzed: (1) to verify the correspondence with the identified environmental types and rank them according to the concentration gradient and (2) to describe the data distribution in order to obtain reference ranges typical for each parameter/environmental type. The four environmental types considered were clearly different for enterococci, SRC, and fungi, highlighting a correspondence with Italian legislation. For the remaining parameters, at least two environmental types were merged. In general, the less contaminated environments were small ports and relatively unimpacted coastal areas. The ranges defined for relatively clean coastal areas can be considered a target for other areas both from an environmental point of view and for the sediment management implications. These values could be used as a comparison in environmental surveys addressing marine or brackish sediment handling and may represent a future line of evidence for the assessment of overall sediment quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal microbial quality of surface sediments in different environments along the Italian coast

Chiaretti

Onorati

Borrello

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…Clark et a1. (27) (28) again found that significant numbers of IMViC types +++-, --++, and other intermediates produced gas in EC medium in 24 hr at 45°C. These results suggested that additional efforts should be made to locate sources of fecal pollution of waters containing EC-positive coli forms.…”

Section: Fecal Coliformsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Purification and Sanitary Control of Water (Potable and Waste)

Kabler¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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“…But in waters that have been contaminated for a considerable length of time or have been insufficiently chlorinated, organisms of the LA.C subgroup may be more numerous than fecal coliform organisms. 31,32 have reported additional data indicating the usefulness of such tests in sanitary investigations.…”

Section: Usphsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coliform Group and Fecal Coliform Organisms as Indicators of Pollution in Drinking Water

Kabler¹,

Clark²

1960

Journal AWWA

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The presence of any type of coliform organism in treated drinking water suggests either inadequate treatment or access of undesirable materials to the water after treatment. Although there are some differences between strain and subgroup organisms with regard to survival under natural conditions and resistance to chlorination, in general all the coliform organisms exhibit survival and resistance patterns in the same order of magnitude. The presence of coliform organisms (as defined earlier) in treated water calls for definitive action for their elimination. Insofar as bacterial pathogens are concerned, the coliform group is considered a reliable indicator of the adequacy of treatment. As an indicator of pollution in drinking water supply systems, and indirectly as an indication of protection provided, the coliform group is preferred to fecal coliform organisms (E. coli). Whether these considerations can be extended to include rickettsial and viral organisms has not been definitely determined.

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The Coliform Group

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Coastal microbial quality of surface sediments in different environments along the Italian coast

Coastal microbial quality of surface sediments in different environments along the Italian coast

Purification and Sanitary Control of Water (Potable and Waste)

Coliform Group and Fecal Coliform Organisms as Indicators of Pollution in Drinking Water

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