The Cold War on Canadian Soil: Militarizing a Northern Environment

Lackenbauer, P. Whitney; Farish, Matthew

doi:10.1093/envhis/12.4.920

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We can add military-to-wildlife (M2W) conversions wherein former military bases are converted into wildlife refuges, resulting in paradoxical sites that are at once highly contaminated and rich in biodiversity (Havlick 2011;Krupar 2011). Furthermore, military tactics and practices have been used to "modernize" natural environments to bring them more fully into the purview of the state and its strategic security interests (Lackenbauer and Farish 2007;Peluso and Vandergeest 2011). Although not denying the environmentally destructive impact of military activities, such examples call for a more nuanced understanding of the relation between the two.…”

Section: From Investigations Of Military Activity and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Militarization: Anti-Poaching Efforts and the Spatial Contours of Kruger National Park

Lunstrum

2014

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

358

250

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Building from scholarship charting the complex, often ambivalent, relationship between military activity and the environment, and the more recent critical geographical work on militarization, this article sheds light on a particular meshing of militarization and conservation: green militarization. An intensifying yet surprisingly understudied trend around the world, this is the use of military and paramilitary personnel, training, technologies, and partnerships in the pursuit of conservation efforts. I introduce this concept, first, as a call for more sustained scholarly investigation into the militarization of conservation practice. More modestly, the article offers its own contribution to this end by turning to South Africa's Kruger National Park, the world's most concentrated site of commercial rhino poaching. Focusing on the state's multilayered and increasingly lethal militarized response to what is itself a highly militarized practice, I illustrate how the spatial qualities of protected areas matter immensely for the convergence of conservation and militarization and the concrete forms this convergence takes. For Kruger, these include its status as a national park framed by a semiporous international border and its expansive, often dense terrain. Steering clear of spatial determinism, I equally show how spatial contours authorize militarization only once they articulate with particular assumptions and values; for Kruger these amount to political-ecological values regarding the nation-state, its sovereignty, and its natural heritage. The result is an intensifying interlocking of conservation and militarization that frequently produces unforeseen consequences.

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Section: From Investigations Of Military Activity and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Militarization: Anti-Poaching Efforts and the Spatial Contours of Kruger National Park

Lunstrum

2014

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

358

250

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Yet until recently, governments and corporate interests rarely considered sharing profi ts or decision-making powers with the indigenous population in any meaningful way. Aboriginal communities have thus been disproportionately affected by industrial pollutants, hazardous waste and abandoned military installations (McClenaghan 2008 ;Lackenbauer 2007 ).…”

Section: Who Is Affected?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing in a VUCA World

Mack¹,

Khare²,

Krämer³

et al. 2016

185

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“…Given the long history of engagement of the Canadian Armed Forces in the Arctic (Lackenbauer and Farish, 2007), the military institution seems to be a logical choice to reaffirm Canada's Arctic sovereignty and guarantee Arctic security. However, since most Canadians perceive the Arctic as a foreign policy issue, they give wide support to reliance on international organizations, construction of international laws and norms, and the search for compromise and negotiations, even when faced with a staunch government rhetoric opposing these strategies (Paris, 2014).…”

Section: How To Defend a Northern Border?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Opinion on Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security

Landriault¹

2016

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Previous research on Canadian Arctic sovereignty and security has focused on governmental actions and policy recommendations. While these studies have produced some fine scholarship on those matters, Canadian public opinion on Arctic issues has been mostly assumed or analyzed on an anecdotal basis. This paper aims to correct this shortcoming by drawing the contours of public preferences on Arctic issues and assessing the impact of government activism on those preferences. An examination of 18 opinion polls conducted between 2006 and 2015 that questioned respondents directly or indirectly on circumpolar affairs concluded that Canadians do not prioritize the Arctic among other national priorities, although they rank it high as a foreign policy and defense priority. Additionally, even though increasing military presence in the Arctic seems at first glance to receive an exceptionally high level of support, a more careful examination of the data suggests that a majority of Canadians supports an approach to Arctic sovereignty that is rooted in compromises and negotiations.Key words: Arctic sovereignty; Arctic security; Canadian Arctic; public opinion; public preferences; Canadian foreign policy; circumpolar region; opinion polls; issue saliency; military sovereignty RÉSUMÉ. Par le passé, les études effectuées en matière de souveraineté et de sécurité dans l'Arctique canadien portaient principalement sur les actions du gouvernement et sur les recommandations de politiques. Bien que ces études aient permis d'obtenir de l'excellente information à ce sujet, l'opinion publique des Canadiens à propos des enjeux de l'Arctique a été soit largement présumée, soit analysée en fonction d'anecdotes. Ce document vise à remédier à ce manque en présentant les grandes lignes des préférences du public au sujet des enjeux propres à l'Arctique et en évaluant les incidences de l'activisme du gouvernement à l'égard de ces préférences. L'examen de 18 sondages d'opinion réalisés entre 2006 et 2015, sondages comprenant des questions directes ou indirectes à l'égard des affaires circumpolaires, a permis de conclure que les Canadiens ne classent pas l'Arctique au rang des autres priorités nationales, et ce, même s'ils considèrent l'Arctique comme un sujet important en matière de politique étrangère et de priorité de défense. En outre, même si, a priori, l'intensification de la présence militaire dans l'Arctique semble recevoir un soutien exceptionnellement grand, l'examen plus approfondi des données suggère que la majorité des Canadiens appuie une approche envers la souveraineté de l'Arctique qui est enracinée dans les compromis et les négociations.Mots clés : souveraineté dans l'Arctique; sécurité dans l'Arctique; Arctique canadien; opinion publique; préférences du public; politique étrangère du Canada; région circumpolaire; sondages d'opinion; importance de l'enjeu; souveraineté militaire Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.

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The Cold War on Canadian Soil: Militarizing a Northern Environment

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Green Militarization: Anti-Poaching Efforts and the Spatial Contours of Kruger National Park

Green Militarization: Anti-Poaching Efforts and the Spatial Contours of Kruger National Park

Managing in a VUCA World

Public Opinion on Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security

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