The Coin in Hand–Extended Version: Development and Validation of a Multicultural Performance Validity Test

Abstract

The number of computerized and reliable performance validity tests are scarce. This study aims to address this issue by validating a free and computerized performance validity test: the Coin in Hand–Extended Version (CIH-EV). The CIH-EV test was administered in four countries (Colombia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States) and performance was compared with other commonly used validated tests. Results showed that the CIH-EV has at least 95% specificity and 62% sensitivity, and performance was highly correlated with scores on the Test of Memory Malingering, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, and Digit Span of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. There were no significant differences in scores across countries, suggesting that the CIH-EV performs similarly in a variety of cultures. Our findings suggest that the CIH-EV has the potential to serve as a valid validity test either alone or as a supplement to other commonly used validity tests.

Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment in the European Union: a Delphi expert study

“…A similar call to action was made at the Sixth European Conference on Symptom Validity Assessment in 2019, stressing that the cross-cultural validity of current performance validity tests is probably limited ( Merten, 2019 ). Panelists from two countries in this study were working on, or had previously worked on, cross-cultural validation studies of performance validity tests ( Daugherty et al., 2019 ). However, no true experts seem to exist in the EU that specialize specifically in the topic of performance validity testing in minority ethnic populations in Europe—research on this topic currently seems to be dominated by work from other regions ( Nijdam-Jones, Rivera, Rosenfeld, & Arango-Lasprilla, 2017 , 2019 ; Nijdam-Jones & Rosenfeld, 2017 ).…”

To adjust or not to adjust: Cut-off scores in performance validity testing in Portuguese older adults with dementia

“…This test was selected as it is a commonly used PVT and has been validated for older Portuguese adults ( Simões et al, 2010 ). Further, convergent validity for the Rey-15IMT has been assessed with other PVTs in Portugal, such as the CIH-EV ( Daugherty et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Feedback is provided for each response. In response to research suggesting that PVT accuracy improves when multiple levels of perceived difficulty are included (e.g., Bickart et al, 1991 ; Chiu and Lee, 2002 ), a new and computerized version of the CIH was developed to include three levels of difficulty (CIH-EV; Daugherty et al, 2019 ). Each of the three levels of difficulty in the CIH-EV includes 10 trials (30 trials total) in which the coin is randomly presented five times in the left hand and five times in the right hand.…”

“…Before beginning the first trial, participants are cautioned about the different levels of difficulty as the test progresses. The Portuguese cut-offs for the three levels were the same (≤8) for cognitively normal older adults ( Ferreira et al, 2022 ) and young adults ( Daugherty et al, 2019 ). The suggested cut-off point for the total number of hits was ≤26 for cognitively normal older adults ( Ferreira et al, 2022 ) and ≤27 for young adults ( Daugherty et al, 2019 ).…”

Symptom and Performance Validity Assessment in European Countries: an Update

“…Specific malingering scales for forensic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder were developed in Spain, such as the Trauma Impact Questionnaire (CIT; Crespo et al, 2020) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale: Forensic version (EGS-F; Echeburúa et al, 2017). Performance validity tests have also been created in the field of neuropsychology, like the extended version of the Coin-inthe-Hand Test, developed in Spain and later validated at a multicultural level (Daugherty et al, 2021).…”