The ‘cognitive footprint’ of psychiatric and neurological conditions: cross‐sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify the prevalence of cognitive impairment in adults with a history of mood disorder, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, within a large general population cohort.MethodCross‐sectional study using UK Biobank data (n = 502 642). Psychiatric and neurological exposure status was ascertained via self‐reported diagnoses, hospital records and questionnaires. Impairment on reasoning, reaction time and memory tests was defined with reference to a single unexposed comparison group. Results were standardised for age and gender. Sensitivity analyses examined the influence of comorbidity, education, information sources and missing data.ResultsRelative to the unexposed group, cognitive impairment was least common in major depression (standardised prevalence ratios across tests = 1.00 [95% CI 0.98, 1.02] to 1.49 [95% CI 1.24, 1.79]) and most common in schizophrenia (1.89 [95% CI 1.47, 2.42] to 3.92 [95% CI 2.34, 6.57]). Prevalence in mania/bipolar was similar to that in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Estimated population attributable prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher for major depression (256 per 100 000 [95% CI 130, 381]) than for all other disorders.ConclusionAlthough the relative prevalence of cognitive impairment was lowest in major depression, the population attributable prevalence was highest overall for this group.

Schizophrenic patients’ cognitive functions in relation to their metabolic profile: a cross-sectional, comparative study on an Egyptian sample

“…On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the groups in the visual memory scores as shown in Table 1. This matched the study in a UK Biobank data which investigated the cognitive functions footprint of different psychiatric and neurological disorders in 2017 [17]. It revealed that 1.89-3.92% of the examined sample (n = 502,642) who were diagnosed as schizophrenic suffered from cognitive dysfunction in reasoning, pair matching, numeric memory, and reaction time [17].…”

A review on shared clinical and molecular mechanisms between bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia

“…Several studies have shown that BD patients may exhibit cognitive decline during the disease course. However, these results vary with regard to the cognitive domains affected, as well as the associated risk factors (Arts et al, 2008;Bora et al, 2009;Cullen et al, 2017;Gildengers et al, 2007). The number of manic episodes seems to be the clinical marker most strongly associated with neuroprogression in BD, as described in recent reviews (Passos et al, 2016).…”

“…Although cognitive impairments are present in various psychiatric disorders, they can be especially prominent in BD (Cullen et al, 2017;Vohringer et al, 2013). The trajectory of BD can be highly variable, and progressive worsening of cognitive functions can occur in a subgroup of these patients (Burdick et al, 2015;Van Rheenen et al, 2017).…”

BioBankRead: Data pre-processing in Python for UKBiobank clinical data

“…It contains information about dates of admission/release/operation, diagnosis codes, in ICD10 (or ICD9 if prior to 2000), as well as operations & procedure (OPCS) codes when applicable. The aim of researchers using HES data is to find instances of specific diseases or incidents and link them to the subject's lifestyle, genomic profile or imaging results (ex: Cullen, B. et al, 2017;Celis-Morales, C.A. et al, 2017).…”