The cognitive development of children born preterm and affected by spastic diplegia

Fedrizzi, Ermellina; Inverno, M.; Botteon, G.; Anderloni, A.; Filippini, Graziella; Farinotti, Mariangela

doi:10.1016/0387-7604(93)90082-j

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Children with spastic diplegia and those with quadriplegia had significantly lower PIQ than VIQ. This is in agreement with findings of previous studies, [23][24][25] but in addition, our results show this discrepancy to be more strongly correlated with low GA than with severity of CP (GMFCS level).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…These results are consistent with other studies on children with spastic diplegia and hemiplegia. [22][23][24][25] Although exact IQs or DQs for children with spastic quadriplegia, dyskinetic CP, or ataxia are often missing they are usually reported to be <50, or corresponding to severe intellectual impairment. 10,26 The correlation between cognitive status, severity of motor impairment, and CP subtypes is bio logically plausible as pathological findings on brain imaging have been found to correspond to clinical findings in children with CP, and insults at different phases of gestation also correlate with specific imaging findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive profile in young Icelandic children with cerebral palsy

Sigurðardóttir¹,

Eiriksdottir²,

Gunnarsdottir³

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

120

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We describe the cognitive profile in a complete national cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP). One hundred and twentyseven Icelandic children (67 females, 60 males) with CP, born between 1985 and 2000 and assessed between the ages of 4 and 6 years 6 months (mean age 5y 5mo, SD 6mo), were included in the study. IQ was measured using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and developmental quotient (DQ) was obtained using various developmental scales. Physiological classification of CP in the children was: spasticity, n=104 (82%); dyskinesia, n=14 (11%); ataxia, n=six (4.7%), and unclassified CP, n=3 (2.3%). Spastic diplegia was the most prevalent subtype (35%) followed by hemiplegia and quadriplegia. Forty-five per cent of the group were at Level I of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, 32% were at Levels II and III, and 23% were at Levels IV and V. Sixty per cent of the children had an IQ or DQ >70. Median scores on the WPPSI were Full-scale IQ 84, Verbal IQ (VIQ) 92, and Performance IQ (PIQ) 77. Children with spastic diplegia and quadriplegia had a significantly lower PIQ than VIQ. Of the children who failed to complete the WPPSI, 20% had DQ >85. Thus, cognitive skills can be masked by limitations of movement and motor control in children with CP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive profile in young Icelandic children with cerebral palsy

Sigurðardóttir¹,

Eiriksdottir²,

Gunnarsdottir³

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Typically, children with diplegia have a skewed profile with normal verbal comprehension and impaired visual–spatial reasoning and non‐verbal intelligence . Even though this profile can be observed in 3‐year‐olds, the difference becomes more pronounced as children enter school . PVL affects the brain connectivity in the temporal–parietal cortex, is particularly frequent in children born preterm, and leads to visual–perceptual impairments …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy

Stadskleiv

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

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PVL Periventricular leukomalaciaChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of cognitive impairments. This narrative review of the literature discusses assessment of cognition in children with CP, presents the most salient characteristics of cognitive functioning pertaining to each subtype, and discusses the relationships between brain injury, functioning, and intervention from a developmental perspective. A search for original studies of cognitive functioning in children with different subtypes of CP was performed. The search resulted in 81 unique hits. There were few studies with a representative sample of children with CP where all participants were individually assessed. Cognitive functioning in children with the most severe motor impairments were often assumed and not assessed. Furthermore, there was a confounding of IQ below 70 and intellectual disability, possibly leading to an overestimation of the prevalence of intellectual disability. Longitudinal neuropsychological studies, including also very young children and those with the most severe speech and motor impairments, as well as intervention studies, are called for.

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